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imago Sil

  • 1 imago

    ĭmāgo, ĭnis, f. [cf. imitor], an imitation, copy of a thing, an image, likeness (i. e. a picture, statue, mask, an apparition, ghost, phantom; the latter only poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.: simulacrum, effigies, statua, sigillum): imago ab imitatione dicta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 112 Müll.; cf.: imago dicitur quasi imitago, Porphyr. Hor. C. 1, 12, 4.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen., a representation, likeness (usu. of a person), statue, bust, picture:

    Spartiates Agesilaus neque pictam neque fictam imaginem suam passus est esse... unus Xenophontis libellus in eo rege laudando facile omnes imagines omnium statuasque superavit,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

    Demosthenes, cujus nuper inter imagines tuas ac tuorum imaginem ex aere vidi,

    id. Or. 31, 110:

    Epicuri in poculis et in anulis,

    id. Fin. 5, 1, 3: hominis imaginem gypso e facie ipsa primus omnium expressit ceraque in eam formam gypsi infusa emendare instituit Lysistratus Sicyonius, Plin. 35, 12, 44, § 153:

    Africani,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 10:

    mulieris,

    Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    Antigoni,

    id. 2, 13, 12:

    depictam in tabula sipariove imaginem rei,

    id. 6, 1, 32:

    si in tabula mea aliquis pinxerit velut imaginem,

    Gai. Inst. 2, 78:

    cereae,

    Hor. Epod. 17, 76; id. S. 1, 8, 43:

    ut dignus venias hederis et imagine macra,

    Juv. 7, 29:

    hoc tibi sub nostra breve carmen imagine vivat,

    Mart. 9, 1:

    epistula atque imago me certum fecit,

    i. e. the image on the seal, the signet, Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 35; 4, 2, 29; 4, 7, 105:

    nunc amici anne inimici sis imago, Alcesime, mihi, sciam,

    i. e. will act like a friend, Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 1.—
    2.
    A phantom, ghost, apparition:

    infelix simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creusae Visa mihi ante oculos et nota major imago,

    Verg. A. 2, 773; cf.:

    et nunc magna mei sub terras ibit imago,

    shade, spirit, Verg. A. 4, 654; Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 6; cf. id. ib. 1:

    non vanae redeat sanguis imagini,

    Hor. C. 1, 24, 15:

    (somnus) Vanum nocturnis fallit imaginibus,

    Tib. 3, 4, 56; cf. Hor. C. 3, 27, 40; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Calig. 50:

    te videt in somnis, tua sacra et major imago humana turbat pavidum,

    Juv. 13, 221:

    quid natum totiens falsis Ludis imaginibus?

    phantoms, Verg. A. 1, 408:

    ubique pavor et plurima mortis imago,

    id. ib. 2, 369; cf.:

    repetitaque mortis imago,

    Ov. M. 10, 726:

    lurida mortis imago,

    Petr. 123, v. 257:

    varia pereuntium forma et omni imagine mortium,

    Tac. H. 3, 28:

    caesorum insepultorumque,

    id. A. 1, 62:

    supremorum (i. e. funeris) imago,

    id. H. 4, 45.— Poet.:

    genitiva (with forma),

    natural shape, figure, Ov. M. 3, 331; so,

    rudis et sine imagine tellus (= informis),

    shapeless, id. ib. 1, 87.—
    B.
    In partic., an ancestral image of a distinguished Roman (of one who had been aedile, praetor, or consul; usually made of wax, and placed in the atrium of a Roman house, and carried in funeral processions.—
    (α).
    In plur.: obrepsisti ad honores errore hominum, commendatione fumosarum imaginum, quarum simile habes nihil praeter colorem, of smoky (i. e. old) ancestral images, Cic. Pis. 1, 1; cf. Sen. Ben. 3, 28, 1; Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6:

    si quid deliquero, nullae sunt imagines, quae me a vobis deprecentur,

    no ancestors of distinction, Cic. Agr. 2, 36, 100; cf.:

    quia imagines non habeo et quia mihi nova nobilitas est,

    Sall. J. 85, 25:

    qui imagines familiae suae consecuti sunt,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 1, 1:

    homo veteris prosapiae ac multarum imaginum,

    Sall. J. 85, 10:

    majorum imagines,

    id. ib. 5, 5; Suet. Vesp. 1:

    multis in familia senatoriis imaginibus,

    id. Aug. 4:

    esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

    Hor. Epod. 8, 11:

    qui stupet in titulis et imaginibus,

    id. S. 1, 6, 17; Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6 sqq.; Prop. 2, 13, 19; Suet. Vesp. 19.—
    (β).
    In sing. (rare):

    jus imaginis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 36:

    imaginis ornandae causa,

    id. Sest. 8, 19:

    vir honoratissimae imaginis futurus ad posteros,

    Liv. 3, 58, 2:

    clarum hac fore imagine Scaptium,

    would become an aristocrat, id. 3, 72, 4, v. Weissenb. ad loc.:

    Tunc Cotta ne imago Libonis exsequias posterorum comitaretur censuit,

    Tac. A. 2, 32.
    II.
    Transf., a reverberation of sound, an echo (mostly poet.):

    (mellaria facere oportet) potissimum ubi non resonent imagines,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:

    concava pulsu Saxa sonant, vocisque offensa resultat imago,

    Verg. G. 4, 50; cf. Sil. 14, 365:

    alternae deceptus imagine vocis: Huc coëamus ait... Coëamus retulit Echo,

    Ov. M. 3, 385:

    cujus recinit jocosa Nomen imago,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 4; so,

    jocosa Vaticani montis,

    id. ib. 1, 20, 8:

    vaga,

    Val. Fl. 3, 596.
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., an image or likeness of a thing formed in the mind, a conception, thought, imagination, idea:

    Scipionis memoriam atque imaginem sibi proponere,

    Cic. Lael. 27, 102:

    magnam partem noctium in imagine tua vigil exigo,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 5, 1:

    Verginium cogito, Verginium video, Verginium jam vanis imaginibus audio,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 12: imagines, quae eidôla nominant, quorum incursione non solum videmus, sed etiam cogitamus, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 21; cf.:

    imagines extrinsecus in animos nostros per corpus irrumpere,

    id. Ac. 2, 40, 125: plena sunt imaginum omnia, nulla species cogitari potest nisi pulsu imaginum, etc.; id. Div. 2, 67, 137 sq.: unum aliquem te ex barbatis illis, exemplum imperii veteris, imaginem antiquitatis, columen rei publicae diceres intueri, an image of the olden time, id. Sest. 8, 19; cf.:

    expressam imaginem vitae quotidianae videre,

    id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

    quidnam illi consules dictatoresve facturi essent, qui proconsularem imaginem tam saevam ac trucem fecerint, i. e. by cruelty in office,

    Liv. 5, 2, 9:

    naturae... urbis et populi,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 39 fin.:

    justitiae,

    Quint. 2, 20, 6:

    virtutis,

    id. 10, 2, 15:

    similitudines ad exprimendas rerum imagines compositae,

    id. 8, 3, 72: illae rerum imagines, quas vocari phantasias indicavimus, id. 10, 7, 15:

    conscripta formantur imagine templa,

    plans, Stat. S. 3, 1, 117:

    scipione determinata prius templi imagine in solo,

    Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 15:

    tua, pater Druse, imago,

    memory, Tac. A. 1, 13:

    magna illic imago tristium laetorumque,

    recollection, id. ib. 2, 53:

    si te nulla movet tantae pietatis imago,

    Verg. A. 6, 405.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    In rhet., a figurative representation, similitude, comparison:

    comparabile est, quod in rebus diversis similem aliquam rationem continet. Ejus partes sunt tres: imago, collatio, exemplum. Imago est oratio demonstrans corporum aut naturarum similitudinem, etc.,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49; cf.:

    imago est formae cum forma cum quadam similitudine collatio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 49, 62; Sen. Ep. 59, 92; Quint. 6, 1, 28; Hor. S. 2, 3, 320; id. Ep. 1, 7, 34.—
    2.
    With the idea predominating of mere imitation, in opp. to what is original or real, a mere form, image, semblance, appearance, shadow:

    consectatur nullam eminentem effigiem virtutis, sed adumbratam imaginem gloriae,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 2, 3:

    nos veri juris germanaeque justitiae solidam et expressam effigiem nullam tenemus: umbra et imaginibus utimur,

    id. Off. 3, 17, 69; cf.:

    non in umbra et imagine civitatis, etc.,

    id. Rep. 2, 30; and:

    umbram equitis Romani et imaginem videtis,

    id. Rab. Post. 15, 41:

    haec ars tota dicendi, sive artis imago quaedam est et similitudo, habet hanc vim, ut, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 87, 356:

    judiciorum,

    only the appearance of courts, id. Sest. 13, 30; cf.:

    imaginem rei publicae nullam reliquissent,

    id. Agr. 2, 32, 88:

    his quoque imaginibus juris spretis,

    Liv. 41, 8, 10:

    imaginem retinendi largiendive penes nos, vim penes Parthos,

    Tac. A. 15, 14:

    habitu et ore ad exprimendam imaginem honesti exercitus,

    the pretence, id. ib. 16, 32; 6, 27; id. H. 1, 84; 3, 70:

    qui faciem eloquentiae, non imaginem praestaret,

    id. Or. 34:

    nec imagine rerum, sed rebus incendit,

    Quint. 10, 1, 16:

    in falsa rerum imagine detineri,

    id. 10, 5, 17; cf.:

    nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine, quam quod illi (hermae) marmoreum caput est, tua vivit imago,

    Juv. 8, 55.—
    3.
    A representative: non in effigies mutas divinum (Augusti) spiritum transfusum;

    sed imaginem veram, caelesti sanguine ortam, intellegere discrimen, etc.,

    Tac. A. 4, 52.—
    4.
    That which suggests or recalls something by resemblance, a reminder:

    me consolatur recordatio meorum temporum, quorum imaginem video in rebus tuis,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2:

    a Corbulone petierat, ne quam imaginem servitii Tiridates perferret,

    nothing to suggest slavery, Tac. A. 15, 31; cf.:

    moriar, si praeter te quemquam reliquum habeo, in quo possim imaginem antiquae et vernaculae festivitatis adgnoscere,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > imago

  • 2 absisto

    ab-sisto, stitī, —, ere
    1)
    а) уходить, удаляться (luco, limine V)
    vestigiis alicujus a. L — потерять чей-л. след
    б) отходить, отступать (ab signis legionibusque non a. Cs; miles abstitit T)
    3) исчезать, стушёвываться
    4) оставлять, прекращать, переставать
    a. obsidione или oppugnatione L — снять осаду

    Латинско-русский словарь > absisto

  • 3 ales

    I āles, itis adj. [ ala ]
    1) окрылённый, крылатый, пернатый ( currus Sen)
    a. equus O — Pegasus
    a. puer H — Amor
    a. deus O — Mercurius
    2) быстрый, стремительный ( passus O); мимолётный ( imago Sil)
    II āles, itis f. (у поэтов тж. m.)
    1) птица ( крупная ; avis — всякая птица; volucris — всё крылатое, в том числе и насекомое)
    a Jovis V, O, тж. a. minister fulminis H, a. regia O — орёл
    a. Junonia (Junonis) O — павлин
    a. Palladis O — сова
    a. albus (Caystrius, canorus) H, O = — лебедь
    2) предзнаменование, знамение, примета
    alite bona ( secunda) Ctl, H — при благом предзнаменовании, в добрый час

    Латинско-русский словарь > ales

  • 4 paulus [1]

    1. paulus (paullus), a, um (verwandt mit paucus u. pauper u. mit dem griech. παῦρος), gering, winzig, klein, sumptus, Ter.: momentum, Ter.: lar, Varro LL. – neutr. paulum, a) subst. = ein Weniges, eine Kleinigkeit, wenig, lucri, Ter.: partium, Cic.: p. aliquid damni contrahere, Cic.: p. defuit, Caes.: p. aliquid sederunt, ein Weilchen, Quint.: paulo mederi, durch eine Kleinigkeit, Ter.: dah. paulo, um ein Weniges, ein wenig, beim Compar., paulo melior, Cic.: non paulo melius, Sen. ep. 8, 10: paulo salubrius, Cic.: p. minus, etwas kleiner u. dgl., Cic.: aber nachaug. = beinahe, Suet.: paulo afuit, quin m. Konj., Amm. 29, 6, 7. – u. bei Advv., p. secus, Cic.: p. ante, kurz vorher, Cic.: paulo post, Cic., od. post paulo, Caes., kurz nachher. – b) adv. = ein wenig, nur etwas, paulum commorari, Cic.: post paulum, bald nachher, Quint.: paulum modo pronus, Sall.: si paulum modo res essent refectae, Nep.: beim Compar., haud paulum mortali maior imago, Sil. 15, 21: paulum si tardius artus cessissent, Stat. Theb. 10, 939: paulum superiores, Quint. 1, 7, 21.

    lateinisch-deutsches > paulus [1]

  • 5 paulus

    1. paulus (paullus), a, um (verwandt mit paucus u. pauper u. mit dem griech. παῦρος), gering, winzig, klein, sumptus, Ter.: momentum, Ter.: lar, Varro LL. – neutr. paulum, a) subst. = ein Weniges, eine Kleinigkeit, wenig, lucri, Ter.: partium, Cic.: p. aliquid damni contrahere, Cic.: p. defuit, Caes.: p. aliquid sederunt, ein Weilchen, Quint.: paulo mederi, durch eine Kleinigkeit, Ter.: dah. paulo, um ein Weniges, ein wenig, beim Compar., paulo melior, Cic.: non paulo melius, Sen. ep. 8, 10: paulo salubrius, Cic.: p. minus, etwas kleiner u. dgl., Cic.: aber nachaug. = beinahe, Suet.: paulo afuit, quin m. Konj., Amm. 29, 6, 7. – u. bei Advv., p. secus, Cic.: p. ante, kurz vorher, Cic.: paulo post, Cic., od. post paulo, Caes., kurz nachher. – b) adv. = ein wenig, nur etwas, paulum commorari, Cic.: post paulum, bald nachher, Quint.: paulum modo pronus, Sall.: si paulum modo res essent refectae, Nep.: beim Compar., haud paulum mortali maior imago, Sil. 15, 21: paulum si tardius artus cessissent, Stat. Theb. 10, 939: paulum superiores, Quint. 1, 7, 21.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > paulus

  • 6 certus

    certus, a, um [cerno] [st1]1 [-] décidé, résolu, arrêté (en parl. de choses).    - quando imago'st hujus in me, certum'st hominem eludere, Plaut.: puisque j'ai pris son apparence, c'est décidé, je vais me jouer de lui.    - luce certum est igni circumdare muros,Virg. En. 9, 153: en plein jour, c'est décidé, je vais envelopper de flammes les murs.    - certum est, jam dicam patri, Plaut. Bacch.: c'est décidé, je vais le dire à ton père.    - mihi certum est + inf.: je suis bien décidé à.    - mihi abjurare certius est quam... Cic. Att. 1: je suis résolu à nier plutôt que de...    - dignos indignos adire atque experiri certumst mihi, nam si mutuas non potero, certumst, sumam faenore, Plaut. As.: honnêtes gens ou fripons, je suis résolu à tâter tout le monde; si je ne trouve pas à emprunter, c'est décidé, j'aurai recours aux usuriers.    - certumne'st tibi istuc? --- Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt.: est-ce là une chose bien arrêtée dans ton esprit? --- aussi arrêtée que notre mort un jour.    - id certum atque obstinatum est, Liv.: c'est une résolution inébranlable.    - certum est deliberatumque... omnia non modo dicere, verum etiam... Cic. Am.: c'est (pour moi) une idée bien arrêtée non seulement de dire tout... mais aussi de...    - certa res est + inf. Plaut.: c'est une chose décidée que de...    - certa res hanc est objurgare, Plaut. Am.: c'est décidé, je vais la gronder.    - certa mori, Virg. En. 4, 564: résolue à mourir.    - avec gén. - certus eundi, Virg.: décidé à aller.    - certus relinquendae vitae, Tac. An. 4, 34: résolu à quitter la vie.    - fugae certus, Plin. Ep. 6: décidé à s'éloigner.    - destinationis certus, Tac. An. 12: ferme dans sa résolution.    - sceleris certa, Tac.: décidée au crime.    - certum habeo: je tiens pour certain.    - pro certo habeo: je tiens pour certain. [st1]2 [-] fixé, déterminé, précis.    - certo signo: au signal donné.    - certum tempus: un moment précis, une heure précise.    - certo die: le jour fixé.    - concilium totius Galliae in diem certam indicere, Caes. BG. 1: fixer un jour pour l'assemblée générale de la Gaule.    - certae pecuniae imperabantur, Caes. BC. 3: des sommes fixées étaient réclamées.    - certus conviva, Hor.: convive assidu. [st1]3 [-] certain, sûr, digne de confiance, honnête.    - tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus, Plaut. Trin. 1: de mes amis sûrs, toi, tu es le plus sûr de tous.    - certus Apollo, Hor. C. 1: Apollon dont l'oracle est digne de foi.    - certi, ōrum, m.: des gens sûrs, des hommes de confiance.    - certo animo, Cic.: avec assurance.    - certa hasta, Virg.: trait assuré.    - certi fructus, Quint.: fruits assurés.    - certa maris, Tac. H. 4, 81: le moment où la mer est sûre. (certa: subst. neutre). [st1]4 [-] qui n'est pas douteux, clair, avéré, certain, sûr, réel, positif, manifeste; vrai, authentique.    - tu certi nihil scribis, Cic. Att. 2: tu ne me dis rien de positif.    - ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem? Cic. Att. 15: connais-tu un vaurien plus authentique que celui-là?    - certiora intuentes vallum secum portare Samnitem adfirmant, Liv. 10: distinguant les objets plus clairement, ils affirment que les Samnites transportent des pieux.    - adv. certum vigilans, Hor.: bien éveillé.    - clare certumque loqui, Hor.: parler clair et net.    - nondum certum constituerat, Cic. Scaur.: il n'avait pas encore pris clairement sa décision. [st1]5 [-] certain (de qqch), sûr (de qqch); au courant de, instruit de.    - certus de sua genitura, Suet. Vesp.: sûr de l'horoscope de ses enfants.    - certa sui matrimonii, Tac.: sûre de son mariage.    - certi sumus periisse omnia, Cic. Att. 2: nous sommes sûrs que tout a péri.    - per exploratores certior factus: informé par ses éclaireurs.    - nec sat certa an patriis an cederet armis, Sil. 9: elle ne sait si elle doit céder aux armes de son père.    - certiorem facere aliquem de aliqua re: informer qqn de qqch.    - dat negotium Senonibus uti ea quae apud eos gerantur cognoscant seque de his rebus certiorem faciant, Caes. BG. 2: il charge les Sénons de s’informer de ce qu’on fait chez eux et de l’en avertir.    - certiorem facere aliquem alicui rei: informer qqn de qqch.    - certiorem me consilii sui fecit, Cic. Att. 9: il me fit part de son projet.    - certiorem facere aliquem + inf.: informer quelqu’un que...    - certiorem fecit Helvetias abiisse, Caes.: il lui fit savoir que les Helvètes étaient partis.    - certior factus + prop. inf.: informé que.    - faciam te certiorem quid egerim, Cic. Att. 3: je t'informerai de ce que j'ai fait.    - avec idée d'ordre, d'exhortation - certiorem facere (ut) + subj.: ordonner de.    - milites certiores facit intermitterent proelium, Caes. BG. 3, 5: il ordonne à ses soldats d'interrompre le combat. [st1]6 [-] qqf. = quidam (qqf. chez Quint. avec aliquis ou quidam).    - insolentia certorum hominum, Cic.: l'insolence de certains hommes.    - certi homines ad eam rem positi monuerunt ut esset cautior, Cic.: des gens apostés l'avertirent de se tenir davantage sur ses gardes.    - certae quaedam dicendi leges, Quint. 8: certaines règles d'éloquence.    - habet certos sui studiosos, Cic. Brut.: il a quelques partisans.
    * * *
    certus, a, um [cerno] [st1]1 [-] décidé, résolu, arrêté (en parl. de choses).    - quando imago'st hujus in me, certum'st hominem eludere, Plaut.: puisque j'ai pris son apparence, c'est décidé, je vais me jouer de lui.    - luce certum est igni circumdare muros,Virg. En. 9, 153: en plein jour, c'est décidé, je vais envelopper de flammes les murs.    - certum est, jam dicam patri, Plaut. Bacch.: c'est décidé, je vais le dire à ton père.    - mihi certum est + inf.: je suis bien décidé à.    - mihi abjurare certius est quam... Cic. Att. 1: je suis résolu à nier plutôt que de...    - dignos indignos adire atque experiri certumst mihi, nam si mutuas non potero, certumst, sumam faenore, Plaut. As.: honnêtes gens ou fripons, je suis résolu à tâter tout le monde; si je ne trouve pas à emprunter, c'est décidé, j'aurai recours aux usuriers.    - certumne'st tibi istuc? --- Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt.: est-ce là une chose bien arrêtée dans ton esprit? --- aussi arrêtée que notre mort un jour.    - id certum atque obstinatum est, Liv.: c'est une résolution inébranlable.    - certum est deliberatumque... omnia non modo dicere, verum etiam... Cic. Am.: c'est (pour moi) une idée bien arrêtée non seulement de dire tout... mais aussi de...    - certa res est + inf. Plaut.: c'est une chose décidée que de...    - certa res hanc est objurgare, Plaut. Am.: c'est décidé, je vais la gronder.    - certa mori, Virg. En. 4, 564: résolue à mourir.    - avec gén. - certus eundi, Virg.: décidé à aller.    - certus relinquendae vitae, Tac. An. 4, 34: résolu à quitter la vie.    - fugae certus, Plin. Ep. 6: décidé à s'éloigner.    - destinationis certus, Tac. An. 12: ferme dans sa résolution.    - sceleris certa, Tac.: décidée au crime.    - certum habeo: je tiens pour certain.    - pro certo habeo: je tiens pour certain. [st1]2 [-] fixé, déterminé, précis.    - certo signo: au signal donné.    - certum tempus: un moment précis, une heure précise.    - certo die: le jour fixé.    - concilium totius Galliae in diem certam indicere, Caes. BG. 1: fixer un jour pour l'assemblée générale de la Gaule.    - certae pecuniae imperabantur, Caes. BC. 3: des sommes fixées étaient réclamées.    - certus conviva, Hor.: convive assidu. [st1]3 [-] certain, sûr, digne de confiance, honnête.    - tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus, Plaut. Trin. 1: de mes amis sûrs, toi, tu es le plus sûr de tous.    - certus Apollo, Hor. C. 1: Apollon dont l'oracle est digne de foi.    - certi, ōrum, m.: des gens sûrs, des hommes de confiance.    - certo animo, Cic.: avec assurance.    - certa hasta, Virg.: trait assuré.    - certi fructus, Quint.: fruits assurés.    - certa maris, Tac. H. 4, 81: le moment où la mer est sûre. (certa: subst. neutre). [st1]4 [-] qui n'est pas douteux, clair, avéré, certain, sûr, réel, positif, manifeste; vrai, authentique.    - tu certi nihil scribis, Cic. Att. 2: tu ne me dis rien de positif.    - ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem? Cic. Att. 15: connais-tu un vaurien plus authentique que celui-là?    - certiora intuentes vallum secum portare Samnitem adfirmant, Liv. 10: distinguant les objets plus clairement, ils affirment que les Samnites transportent des pieux.    - adv. certum vigilans, Hor.: bien éveillé.    - clare certumque loqui, Hor.: parler clair et net.    - nondum certum constituerat, Cic. Scaur.: il n'avait pas encore pris clairement sa décision. [st1]5 [-] certain (de qqch), sûr (de qqch); au courant de, instruit de.    - certus de sua genitura, Suet. Vesp.: sûr de l'horoscope de ses enfants.    - certa sui matrimonii, Tac.: sûre de son mariage.    - certi sumus periisse omnia, Cic. Att. 2: nous sommes sûrs que tout a péri.    - per exploratores certior factus: informé par ses éclaireurs.    - nec sat certa an patriis an cederet armis, Sil. 9: elle ne sait si elle doit céder aux armes de son père.    - certiorem facere aliquem de aliqua re: informer qqn de qqch.    - dat negotium Senonibus uti ea quae apud eos gerantur cognoscant seque de his rebus certiorem faciant, Caes. BG. 2: il charge les Sénons de s’informer de ce qu’on fait chez eux et de l’en avertir.    - certiorem facere aliquem alicui rei: informer qqn de qqch.    - certiorem me consilii sui fecit, Cic. Att. 9: il me fit part de son projet.    - certiorem facere aliquem + inf.: informer quelqu’un que...    - certiorem fecit Helvetias abiisse, Caes.: il lui fit savoir que les Helvètes étaient partis.    - certior factus + prop. inf.: informé que.    - faciam te certiorem quid egerim, Cic. Att. 3: je t'informerai de ce que j'ai fait.    - avec idée d'ordre, d'exhortation - certiorem facere (ut) + subj.: ordonner de.    - milites certiores facit intermitterent proelium, Caes. BG. 3, 5: il ordonne à ses soldats d'interrompre le combat. [st1]6 [-] qqf. = quidam (qqf. chez Quint. avec aliquis ou quidam).    - insolentia certorum hominum, Cic.: l'insolence de certains hommes.    - certi homines ad eam rem positi monuerunt ut esset cautior, Cic.: des gens apostés l'avertirent de se tenir davantage sur ses gardes.    - certae quaedam dicendi leges, Quint. 8: certaines règles d'éloquence.    - habet certos sui studiosos, Cic. Brut.: il a quelques partisans.
    * * *
        Certus, Adiectiuum. Certain et asseuré.
    \
        Certus sum ex hoc metu. Plaut. Je ne crain plus cela.
    \
        Amor certus. Oui. Vray et loyal amour, et qui n'est point feinct.
    \
        Certo certius est. Vlpian. Il est trescertain.
    \
        Animo certo et confirmato posse consistere in causa. Cic. Ferme, Constant et asseuré.
    \
        Arboribus certis grauis vmbra tributa est. Lucret. A aucuns certains arbres, et non pas à tous.
    \
        Author certissimus. Virgil. Veritable, et Approuvé.
    \
        Certis de causis aliter existimare. Cic. Pour certaines causes.
    \
        Consul certissimus. Cic. Qui est asseuré d'estre Consul.
    \
        Crimen certum. Cic. Notoire et manifeste.
    \
        Dextera certa. Martial. La main qui ne fault point à frapper le but, Main seure.
    \
        In diem certam conueniunt. Liu. A certain jour et nommé.
    \
        Ante certam diem decedere. Cic. Dedens certain temps.
    \
        Diebus certis aliquid facere. Virgil. A certains jours establis et ordonnez.
    \
        Dolor certus. Horat. Ferme, et qui persevere.
    \
        Domus certa. Virgil. Propre, ou particuliere et certaine habitation et demeure.
    \
        Facti certa fides est. Oui. Il est certain que cela a esté ainsi faict.
    \
        Fides certa segetis. Horat. Loyaulté de la terre envers son maistre, quand elle ne fault à luy rapporter fruict.
    \
        Non certae fidei res. Plin. iunior. Dont on n'est point bien certain et asseuré.
    \
        Fluitantia reddere certa. Horat. Faire certain et asseuré ce qui est incertain.
    \
        Haeres certus. Seneca. Legitime, Vray.
    \
        Homines certi. Cic. Certaines personnes, qu'on scait et cognoist, et qu'on pourroit bien nommer qui vouldroit, Hommes seurs, Hommes exprés.
    \
        Ictus certus. Virg. Qui n'est point jecté en vain, Seur.
    \
        Inimicus certus. Plaut. Ennemi special et formel, Ennemi juré.
    \
        Lege certa aliquid facere. Oui. Par, ou soubs certaine condition.
    \
        Loca certa. Virgil. Propres, Distincts, Determinez.
    \
        Certus et definitus locus. Cic. Lieu determiné et deputé.
    \
        Loco certo caedere silicem. Cic. Couper un caillou en certain endroict.
    \
        Loco certo dicere. Cic. En son ordre, En temps et lieu.
    \
        Manus certa. Quintil. Asseuree, et qui ne fault point à frapper ce qu'elle veult, Main seure.
    \
        Matricida certissimus. Cic. Notoire, Manifeste.
    \
        Mente certa aliquid agere. Ouid. Obstineement, Opiniastrement.
    \
        Motus caeli certi. Cic. Certains, et reiglez.
    \
        Nebulo certior nullus illo. Ci. Il n'est point de plus vray vaultneant que cestuy là.
    \
        Certo nomine maleficii vocabitur in iudicium. Cic. Pour certain crime ou cas.
    \
        Nominibus certis cautos expendere nummos. Horat. Pour certaines causes.
    \
        Horum certa est oratio. Plaut. Ce que dient ceulx cy, est vray.
    \
        Patre certo nasci. Cic. Estre de loyal mariage.
    \
        Pectora certa. Virgil. Fermes, Constans, Asseurez, Hardis.
    \
        Penates certi. Virg. Habitation et demeure certaine et peculierement deputee à aucun.
    \
        Progenies certa. Seneca. Enfant legitime.
    \
        Proles certissima. Virgil. Vray enfant.
    \
        Requies certa laborum. Virgil. Repos asseuré.
    \
        Sagitta certa. Horat. Qui ne fault point à frapper le but.
    \
        Spes certa magis. Ouid. Ferme esperance.
    \
        Testis certissimus. Sil. Veritable.
    \
        Certior transitus. Plin. Où il y a moins de danger.
    \
        Certis verbis se deuouere pro Republica. Ci. En disant certains mots.
    \
        Certa res est. Terent. La chose est toute certaine, Il n'en fault point doubter.
    \
        Certa res est, Plaut. C'est un poinct vuidé, et conclu, ou arresté.
    \
        Amici certi. Plau. Vrais et loyaulx amis, desquels on est asseuré.
    \
        Amores certi. Propert. Loyales amours.
    \
        Homines certi. Cic. Feaulx messagiers, Messagiers exprés.
    \
        Homines certos habere. Cic. Avoir gens feables.
    \
        Maris certa. Tacit. Tranquillité de mer.
    \
        Certum est. Terent. Il est cler et manifeste, Il n'y a point de doubte.
    \
        Certum est. Cic. J'ay deliberé et arresté et conclu en moy.
    \
        Mihi autem abiurare certius est, quam dependere. Cic. J'ay deliberé plus tost le renier que de le payer.
    \
        Certum est facere. Plaut. J'ay proposé et arresté d'ainsi faire.
    \
        Non certum est mihi quid agam. Terent. Je n'ay point encore arresté, ou determiné.
    \
        Mihi certum est. Cic. Je suis deliberé, J'ay determiné.
    \
        Si istuc ita certum est tibi. Terent. Si tu as arresté.
    \
        Certum est istuc? Terent. Est il tout arresté?
    \
        Audire certum. Horat. Ouir certainement, au vray, pour certain.
    \
        Clare et certum loqui. Horat. Dire la verité hault et cler.
    \
        Certum alicui facere. Plaut. Asseurer au vray, Acertener.
    \
        Certius alicui facere. Plaut. Advertir aucun.
    \
        Certum facere aliquem. Plaut. Luy declarer, Luy dire, L'advertir.
    \
        Certum habere aliquid. Cic. Scavoir au vray, ou certainement.
    \
        Habere certum de aliquo quid agat. Cic. Scavoir au vray ce qu'il fait.
    \
        Inuenire certum. Caelius ad Ciceronem. Scavoir, ou trouver la verité.
    \
        Nescire certum. Cic. N'en rien scavoir de certain ou au vray.
    \
        Certum scire, Terent. Cic. Scavoir au vray.
    \
        Pro certo creditur. Sallust. On tient pour cartain, ou pour tout vray.
    \
        Pro certo dicere. Cic. Dire et asseurer pour vray.
    \
        Pro certo habere. Cic. Tenir pour certain, ou pour vray.
    \
        Pro certo iam habetur, regem Alexandrinum mortuum. Caelius Ciceroni. On tient pour que, etc.
    \
        Pro certone tu istaec dicis? Terent. Dis tu cela pour tout vray?
    \
        Certiorem facere aliquem. Cic. Luy faire scavoir et entendre.
    \
        Certus cum genitiuo. Virgil. Iam certus eundi. Certain et deliberé de partir.
    \
        Vtinam tui consilii certior factus essem. Cic. O si j'eusse sceu, et entendu ta volunté, Si j'eusse esté adverti de, etc.
    \
        Exitii certus. Tacit. Qui se tient tout asseuré de mourir, Certain de la mort, Qui s'attend asseureement de mourir.
    \
        Futuri certus. Senec. Asseurer de l'advenir.
    \
        Matrimonii certa. Tacit. Asseuree de son mariage.
    \
        Relinquendae vitae certus. Tacit. Deliberé de mourir.
    \
        Spei certus. Tacit. Ayant bonne esperance.
    \
        Necis certus. Sil. Asseuré de mourir.
    \
        Sceleris certa mulier. Tacit. Qui est du tout deliberé de commettre quelque vilain cas.
    \
        Certus, cum ablatiuo, vt Iaculis certus. Valer. Flac. Bon jecteur de dard, Seur jecteur, ou dardeur, Qui ne fault point à frapper ce à quoy il vise.
    \
        Certus, cum infinitiuo. vt Certus succurrere. Valer. Flac. Prest à secourir.
    \
        Certus mori. Stat. Deliberé de mourir.
    \
        At Romana ratis stabilem praebere carinam Certior. Lucan. Plus ferme et plus apte, Plus propre.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > certus

  • 7 effigies

    effĭgĭes, ēi (ante-class. form nom.:

    effĭgĭa,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 7; Afran. ap. Non. 493, 2; Inscr. Orell. 7416 l.— Nom. plur.:

    effigiae,

    Lucr. 4, 105.— Acc. plur.:

    effigias,

    id. 4, 42 and 85), f. [effingo, I.], an (artistic) copy, imitation of an object (in concreto— for syn. cf.: imago, pictura, simulacrum, signum, statua, tabula).
    I.
    (Class.) With the accessory idea of resemblance obtained by imitation, a likeness, portrait, image, effigy.
    A.
    Lit.:

    formarum,

    Lucr. 4, 105; cf. id. ib. 42 and 85: Veneris, * Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 7; cf.:

    deus effigies hominis et imago,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103:

    quandam effigiem spirantis mortui,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1; cf. also: simulacrum deae (Veneris) non effigie humana, Tac. H. 2, 3 fin.; and:

    quam satus Iapeto... Finxit in effigiem moderantum cuncta deorum,

    Ov. M. 1, 83:

    vix convenire videretur, quem ipsum hominem cuperent evertere, ejus effigiem simulacrumque servare,

    his mere effigy, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 65 fin.:

    effigiem Xanthi Trojamque videtis,

    Verg. A. 3, 497; of shades, ghosts:

    effigiem nullo cum corpore falsi finxit apri,

    Ov. M. 14, 358; Sil. 13, 778; cf.:

    effigies, immo umbrae hominum,

    Liv. 21, 40, 9;

    of the shade of a deceased person in a dream,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 4;

    or in the lower world,

    Sil. 13, 779. —
    2.
    Adv.: in or ad effigiem or effigie, after the likeness of, in the form of, like, Sil. 5, 5; Plin. 5, 10, 11, § 62; 21, 5, 11, § 23.—
    B.
    Trop. (a favorite expression of Cic.):

    perfectae eloquentiae speciem animo videmus, effigiem auribus quaerimus,

    its imitation, Cic. Or. 3 (v. the passage in connection); cf.:

    consiliorum ac virtutum effigiem relinquere,

    id. Arch. 12, 30:

    Sex. Peducaeus reliquit effigiem et humanitatis et probitatis suae filium,

    the image, id. Fin. 2, 18, 58; cf. id. Tusc. 3, 2; id. de Or. 1, 43, 193; Liv. 26, 41; 1, 56:

    ad effigiem justi imperii scriptus,

    the ideal, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    ut res ipsas rerum effigies notaret,

    id. de Or. 2, 86 fin.; cf.

    effingo, I. B.: ostensus est in alia effigie,

    appeared in another form, Vulg. Marc. 16, 12.—
    II.
    Poet. and in post-Aug. prose, in gen., the plastic (less freq. the pictorial) representation of an object, an image, statue, portrait: saxea ut effigies bacchantis, * Cat. 64, 61; Verg. A. 2, 167; 184; 3, 148; 7, 177; Hor. S. 1, 8, 30; Ov. H. 20, 239; Tac. A. 1, 74; 6, 2; id. H. 5, 9 al.; Quint. 6, 1, 32; cf. id. 12, 10, 5; Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 7; Vulg. Sap. 15, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > effigies

  • 8 contra

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra

  • 9 contra dicta

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra dicta

  • 10 umbra

    umbra, ae, f. [etym. dub.; Curt. compares Sanscr. ambara, an encircling], a shade, shadow.
    I.
    Lit.:

    cum usque quaque umbra est, tamen Sol semper hic est,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 79:

    illa platanus, cujus umbram secutus est Socrates,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28:

    fiebat, ut incideret luna in eam metam, quae esset umbra terrae, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 6, 17:

    colles... afferunt umbram vallibus,

    id. Rep. 2, 6, 11:

    nox Involvens umbrā magnā terramque polumque,

    Verg. A. 2, 251:

    spissis noctis se condidit umbris,

    id. ib. 2, 621:

    majoresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae,

    id. E. 1, 84; 5, 70:

    pampineae,

    id. ib. 7, 58:

    certum est mihi, quasi umbra, quoquo ibis tu, te persequi,

    Plaut. Cas. 1, 4; cf. id. Most. 3, 2, 82.—Prov.: umbras timere, to be afraid of shadows, i. e. to fear without cause, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4:

    umbram suam metuere,

    Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 2, 9:

    ipse meas solus, quod nil est, aemulor umbras,

    Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 19.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    In painting, the dark part of a painting, shade, shadow:

    quam multa vident pictores in umbris et in eminentiā, quae nos non videmus!

    Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20; so (opp. lumen) Plin. 35, 5, 11, § 29; 35, 11, 40, § 131; 33, 3, 57, § 163.—
    2.
    A shade, ghost of a dead person ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.:

    Manes, Lemures): nos ubi decidimus, Quo dives Tullus et Ancus, Pulvis et umbra sumus,

    Hor. C. 4, 7, 16:

    ne forte animas Acherunte reamur Effugere aut umbras inter vivos volitare,

    Lucr. 4, 38; cf.:

    cornea (porta), quā veris facilis datur exitus umbris,

    Verg. A. 6, 894; Tib. 3, 2, 9; Verg. A. 5, 734; Hor. C. 2, 13, 30; id. S. 1, 8, 41; Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 18; Suet. Calig. 59 al.:

    Umbrarum rex,

    i. e. Pluto, Ov. M. 7, 249; so,

    dominus,

    id. ib. 10, 16.— In the plur. umbrae, of a single dead person:

    matris agitabitur umbris,

    Ov. M. 9, 410; 8, 476; 6, 541; Verg. A. 6, 510; 10, 519 al.—
    3.
    Like the Greek skia, an uninvited guest, whom an invited one brings with him (cf. parasitus), Hor. S. 2, 8, 22; id. Ep. 1, 5, 28; Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 27; so, of an attendant:

    luxuriae,

    Cic. Mur. 6, 13.—
    4.
    A shade, shady place, that which gives a shade or shadow (as a tree, house, tent, etc; poet.);

    of trees: nudus Arboris Othrys erat nec habebat Pelion umbras,

    Ov. M. 12, 513; so id. ib. 10, 88; 10, 90; 14, 447; Verg. G. 1, 157, id. E. 9, 20; 5, 5; Sil. 4, 681:

    Pompeiā spatiabere cultus in umbrā,

    i. e. in the Pompeian portico, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 75; so,

    Pompeia,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 67; 3, 387:

    vacuā tonsoris in umbrā,

    in the cool barber's shop, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 50:

    studia in umbrā educata,

    in the closet, study, Tac. A. 14, 53; cf.:

    rhetorica,

    i. e. the rhetorician's school, Juv. 7, 173:

    dum roseis venit umbra genis,

    i. e. down, beard, Stat. Th. 4, 336; cf.: dubia lanuginis, Claud. Nupt. Pall. et Celer. 42: nunc umbra nudata sua jam tempora moerent, i. e. of hair, Petr. poët. 109: summae cassidis umbra, i. e. the plume or crest, Stat. Th. 6, 226:

    sed non erat illi Arcus et ex umeris nullae fulgentibus umbrae,

    i. e. quivers, id. S. 3, 4, 30.—
    5.
    A fish, called also sciaena; a grayling, umber: Salmo thymallus, Linn.; Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 7 Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 5, § 77 Müll.; Ov. Hal. 111; Col. 8, 16, 8; Aus. Idyll. 10, 90.—
    II.
    Trop., like the Engl. shadow or shade.
    A.
    Opp. to substance or reality, a trace, obscure sign or image, faint appearance, imperfect copy or representation, semblance, pretence (cf. simulacrum):

    veri juris germanaeque justitiae solidam et expressam effigiem nullam tenemus, umbrā et imaginibus utimur,

    Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

    umbra et imago civitatis,

    id. Rep. 2, 30, 53:

    umbra et imago equitis Romani,

    id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: o hominem amentem et miserum, qui ne umbram quidem umquam tou kalou viderit! id. Att. 7, 11, 1:

    in quo ipsam luxuriam reperire non potes, in eo te umbram luxuriae reperturum putas?

    id. Mur. 6, 13: in comoediā maxime claudicamus... vix levem consequimur umbram, Quint. 10, 1, 100:

    sub umbrā foederis aequi servitutem pati,

    Liv. 8, 4, 2:

    umbras falsae gloriae consectari,

    Cic. Pis. 24, 57:

    umbra es amantum magis quam amator,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:

    mendax pietatis umbra,

    Ov. M. 9, 459:

    libertatis,

    Luc. 3, 146:

    belli,

    Sil. 15, 316:

    umbras quasdam veritatis habere,

    Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 17; Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 273.—
    B.
    Shelter, cover, protection:

    umbra et recessus,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101:

    umbrā magni nominis delitescunt,

    Quint. 12, 10, 15:

    umbra vestri auxilii tegi possumus,

    Liv. 7, 30, 18:

    sub umbrā auxilii vestri latere volunt,

    id. 32, 21, 31:

    sub umbrā Romanae amicitiae latebant,

    id. 34, 9, 10:

    morum vitia sub umbrā eloquentiae primo latebant,

    Just. 5, 2, 7.—
    C.
    Rest, leisure:

    ignavā Veneris cessamus in umbrā,

    Ov. Am. 2, 18, 3; Albin. Ob. Maec. 98.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > umbra

  • 11 ales

    āles, itis (ala), »was Flügel hat u. sie braucht« (während alatus nur = »mit Flügeln versehen«), I) adi. geflügelt, beflügelt (b. Dichtern), 1) eig.: alites angues, Pacuv. fr.: al. avis (αἰόλος ορνις), Cic. Arat.: alite curru vehi, Sen. poët. – bes. v. myth. Wesen, Pegasus, Ov.: Deus, v. Merkur, Ov.: puer, v. Amor, Hor.: Fama, Claud. – 2) poet. übtr., wie beflügelt = flüchtig. schnell, rasch, Auster, Verg.: passu alite, Ov.: alite plantā, Sil.: imago, flüchtiges Traumbild), Sil. – II) subst.: 1) f. (nur bei Dichtern auch m.), der Vogel (u. zwar von größern Vögeln, während avis der Vogel übh. = alles was Flügel u. Federn hat u. Eier legt, volucris jedes zum Fliegen fähige Geschöpf, dah. auch ein geflügeltes Insekt), a) im allg., Lucr., Varr. u.a.: alites matutinae, Prop.: alites villaticae, Hofgeflügel, Plin.: cuculus ales temporaria, ein Strichvogel, Plin. – b) insbes.: α) von bestimmten Vögeln, Iovis al., Verg. u. Ov., regia al., Ov., al. minister fulminis, Hor., flammiger al., Stat., al. digna Iove, Manil., alle v. Adler: ebenso (als Gestirn) bl. ales, Cic. Arat. 46 sq. – Phoebeïus od. Phoebea al., v. Raben, Ov. u. Sil. – avida al., v. Geier, Sil.: u. so bl. al., Hor. carm. 3, 4, 78. – al. longaeva od. Titanius, Claud., al. Gangeticus, Auson., v. Phönix:. – Chaonis al., Ov., od. al. exterrita, Verg., od. al. Cythereïa, Sil., v. der Taube. – Daulias al., v. der Prokne als Nachtigall, Ov. – Iunonia al., v. Pfau, Ov.: u. so alitis eximiae cauda, Pfauenschwanz, Mart. – imitatrix u. rara al., v. Papagei, Ov. – sacer, Habicht (weil zu den Weissagevögeln gehörig), Verg.: rapacissima et famelica al., v. Taubenstößer, Plin. – Phasidis al., v. Fasan, Stat. – cristatus al., v. Hahn, Ov. – Palladis al., v. der Nachteule, Ov. – vasta al., v. Strauß, Claud. – Caystrius al., v. Schwan, Ov.: u. so albus od. canorus al., vom sangreichen Schwan (in den der Dichter sich verwandelt denkt); Hor.: dah. geradezu ales für »Sänger«, Maeonii carminis al., Sänger des mäonischen (d.i. homerischen Helden-) Gedichts, Hor. – β) in der Augurspr., alites = Vögel, die durch den »Flug«, dagegen oscines = Vögel, die durch die »Stimme« bedeutsam dem Augurium dienten (vgl. Fest. 197, 11. Plin. 10, 43), Cic. u.a. – dah. ales ( wie avis) poet. = Wahrzeichen, Vorbedeutung, bonā od. secundā alite, Catull u. Hor.: potiore alite, Hor.: malā od. lugubri alite, Hor. – 2) der Geflügelte, v. Göttern od. Heroen, Tegeaticus al. u. impiger al., v. Merkur, Stat.: Cyllenius al., v. Merkur, Val. Flacc. – aureus al., v. Perseus, Stat. – / Episch gedehnter Genet. Plur. alituum, Lucr. 2, 928 u.a. Verg. Aen. 8, 27. Manil. 5, 370. Stat. silv. 1, 2, 184 (aber Amm. 19, 2, 12 jetzt alitum). – Über das Geschlecht v. ales s. Neue-Wagener Formenl.3 Bd. 1. S. 918. Burm. Phaedr. 1, 13, 8. p. 33.

    lateinisch-deutsches > ales

  • 12 ales

    āles, itis (ala), »was Flügel hat u. sie braucht« (während alatus nur = »mit Flügeln versehen«), I) adi. geflügelt, beflügelt (b. Dichtern), 1) eig.: alites angues, Pacuv. fr.: al. avis (αἰόλος ορνις), Cic. Arat.: alite curru vehi, Sen. poët. – bes. v. myth. Wesen, Pegasus, Ov.: Deus, v. Merkur, Ov.: puer, v. Amor, Hor.: Fama, Claud. – 2) poet. übtr., wie beflügelt = flüchtig. schnell, rasch, Auster, Verg.: passu alite, Ov.: alite plantā, Sil.: imago, flüchtiges Traumbild), Sil. – II) subst.: 1) f. (nur bei Dichtern auch m.), der Vogel (u. zwar von größern Vögeln, während avis der Vogel übh. = alles was Flügel u. Federn hat u. Eier legt, volucris jedes zum Fliegen fähige Geschöpf, dah. auch ein geflügeltes Insekt), a) im allg., Lucr., Varr. u.a.: alites matutinae, Prop.: alites villaticae, Hofgeflügel, Plin.: cuculus ales temporaria, ein Strichvogel, Plin. – b) insbes.: α) von bestimmten Vögeln, Iovis al., Verg. u. Ov., regia al., Ov., al. minister fulminis, Hor., flammiger al., Stat., al. digna Iove, Manil., alle v. Adler: ebenso (als Gestirn) bl. ales, Cic. Arat. 46 sq. – Phoebeïus od. Phoebea al., v. Raben, Ov. u. Sil. – avida al., v. Geier, Sil.: u. so bl. al., Hor. carm. 3, 4, 78. – al. longaeva od. Titanius, Claud., al. Gangeticus, Auson., v. Phönix:. – Chaonis al., Ov., od. al. exterrita, Verg., od. al. Cythereïa, Sil., v. der Taube. – Daulias al., v. der Prokne als Nachti-
    ————
    gall, Ov. – Iunonia al., v. Pfau, Ov.: u. so alitis eximiae cauda, Pfauenschwanz, Mart. – imitatrix u. rara al., v. Papagei, Ov. – sacer, Habicht (weil zu den Weissagevögeln gehörig), Verg.: rapacissima et famelica al., v. Taubenstößer, Plin. – Phasidis al., v. Fasan, Stat. – cristatus al., v. Hahn, Ov. – Palladis al., v. der Nachteule, Ov. – vasta al., v. Strauß, Claud. – Caystrius al., v. Schwan, Ov.: u. so albus od. canorus al., vom sangreichen Schwan (in den der Dichter sich verwandelt denkt); Hor.: dah. geradezu ales für »Sänger«, Maeonii carminis al., Sänger des mäonischen (d.i. homerischen Helden-) Gedichts, Hor. – β) in der Augurspr., alites = Vögel, die durch den »Flug«, dagegen oscines = Vögel, die durch die »Stimme« bedeutsam dem Augurium dienten (vgl. Fest. 197, 11. Plin. 10, 43), Cic. u.a. – dah. ales ( wie avis) poet. = Wahrzeichen, Vorbedeutung, bonā od. secundā alite, Catull u. Hor.: potiore alite, Hor.: malā od. lugubri alite, Hor. – 2) der Geflügelte, v. Göttern od. Heroen, Tegeaticus al. u. impiger al., v. Merkur, Stat.: Cyllenius al., v. Merkur, Val. Flacc. – aureus al., v. Perseus, Stat. – ⇒ Episch gedehnter Genet. Plur. alituum, Lucr. 2, 928 u.a. Verg. Aen. 8, 27. Manil. 5, 370. Stat. silv. 1, 2, 184 (aber Amm. 19, 2, 12 jetzt alitum). – Über das Geschlecht v. ales s. Neue-Wagener Formenl.3 Bd. 1. S. 918. Burm. Phaedr. 1, 13, 8. p. 33.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ales

  • 13 subeo

    sŭbĕo, īre, (ĭi, qqf. īvit), ĭtum - tr. et intr. -    - subivit, Ov. F. 1, 314; Stat. S. 2, 1, 155. [st1]1 [-] aller sous, entrer dans (un lieu couvert ou fermé), s'introduire, pénétrer dans.    - subire tectum, Caes.: entrer dans une maison.    - avec datif subire luco, Virg.: s'introduire dans un bois.    - subire portu, Virg.: entrer dans le port.    - subire muro, Virg.: venir sous les murailles.    - cum luna sub orbem solis subisset, Liv. 37, 4, 4: la lune étant venue sous le disque du soleil.    - ne subeunt herbae, Virg. G. 1, 180: pour que l'herbe ne vienne pas dessous.    - subire in nemoris latebras, Ov M. 4, 601: pénétrer dans les profondeurs du bois.    - subire jugum, Plin.: recevoir le joug.    - subire currum, Virg.: se laisser atteler.    - subire iniquum locum, Caes.: s'engager dans un terrain défavorable.    - subire limina, Virg. En. 8, 363: franchir un seuil.    - subire domos, Ov. M. 1, 121: entrer dans des maisons. --- cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 33.    - subire paludem Tritoniacam, Ov. M. 15, 358: se plonger dans le lac Triton. [st1]2 [-] se mettre sous, porter (un fardeau), soutenir; se charger (d'un mal), se soumettre à, supporter, endurer, souffrir, subir, se charger de, entreprendre de.    - avec datif subire feretro, Virg. En. 6, 222: porter la civière sur ses épaules.    - verba sub acumen stili subeunt, Cic. de Or. 1, 151: les mots se présentent sous la pointe du stylet.    - aura, subito, Ov.: souffles des vents, portez-moi.    - subire crudelitatis famam, Cic.: subir une réputation d'homme cruel.    - subire judicium multitudinis, Cic.: se soumettre au jugement de la foule.    - inimicitiae sunt: subeantur, Cic.: nous avons des ennemis: [qu'ils soient supportés]= supportons-les.    - subire minus sermonis, Cic.: être moins en butte aux propos.    - subire injuriam, Cic. Prov. 41: supporter l'injustice.    - dupli poenam subire, Cic. Ofr. 3, 65: subir la peine du double.    - incesti poenas subire, Obseq 97 (35): subir les peines prévues pour inceste.    - subitam avertere curam, Lucr. 2, 363: détourner le faix du souci.    - subire odium, Cic.: encourir la haine. [st1]3 [-] s'approcher de, s'avancer vers, s'avancer devant, marcher à, aborder, attaquer, affronter, s'exposer à.    - subire ad hostes, Liv.: marcher à l'ennemi.    - subit Rhaetum, Virg.: il attaque Rhétus.    - subire mucronem, Virg.: se jeter au-devant de l'épée.    - ex inferiore loco subeuntes non intermittere, Caes. BG. 2, 25, 1: ne pas s'arrêter dans leur marche ascendante.    - testudine facta subeunt, Caes. BG. 7, 85, 5: faisant la tortue ils avancent.    - quamquam adscensus dificilis erat... subierunt, Liv. 27, 18, 13: malgré la difficulté de l'ascension..., ils avancèrent.    - in adversos montes subire, Liv. 41, 18. 11: gravir la pente des montagnes.    - subire ad hostes, Liv. 2, 31, 5: marcher à l'ennemi [qui est sur les hauteurs].    - subire ad montes, Liv. 1, 28, 7: s'approcher des montagnes.    - subire ad urbem, Liv. 31, 45, 4: marcher contre la ville [après avoir débarqué].    - cf. Liv. 34, 16, 2 ; 34, 46, 7 ; 39, 27, 10.    - avec datif subire auxilio, Virg.: courir au secours.    - subire muro, Virg. En. 7, 161: s'approcher du mur, arriver au pied du mur. --- cf. Virg. En. 9, 371.    - subire portu [dat.] Chaonio Virg. En. 3, 292: arriver au port de Chaonie.    - subire periculum, Cic.: affronter le danger.    - paratiores ad omnia pericula subeunda, Caes. BG. 1: mieux préparés à affronter tous les périls.    - subeundae sunt saepe pro re publica tempestates, Cic. Sest. 139: il faut souvent pour l'intérêt public affronter des tempêtes. [st1]4 [-] venir en remplacement, venir à la place de, venir immédiatement après, succéder à.    - [absol] Virg. G. 3, 67 ; Ov. M. 3, 648 ; 1, 114.    - avec datif dexterae altae sinistra subiit, Liv. 27, 2, 7: l'aile gauche vint remplacer l'aile droite. --- cf. Liv. 25, 37, 6.    - subire in locum alicujus rei, Ov. M. 1, 130: se substituer à qqch.    - pone subit conjux, Virg. En. 2: derrière moi vient ma femme.    - subiit argentea proles, Ov. M. 1: puis vint l'âge d'argent.    - cui deinde subibit Tullus, Virg.: il aura pour successeur Tullus.    - subire alicui in custodiam, Liv. 25: remplacer qqn pour la garde. [st1]5 [-] venir de dessous, pousser, croître, produire; monter, s'élever.    - subeant herbae, Virg.: pour que vienne l'herbe.    - subit barba, Mart.: la barbe pousse.    - subeunt dentes, Plin.: les dents percent.    - subibat mare, Curt. 9: la mer montait. [st1]6 [-] survenir, se présenter, arriver, venir à l'esprit, se présenter à la mémoire, s'offrir à l'imagination.    - subeunt morbi, Virg. G. 3: les maladies arrivent insensiblement.    - subiit deserta Creusa, Virg. En. 2, 562: à ma pensée s'offrit Créuse abandonnée.    - subiit genitoris imago, Virg. En. 2: l'image de mon père se présenta à mon esprit.    - cf. Virg. En. 11, 542 ; Quint. 11, 2, 17 ; Tac. An. 1, 13.    - subit avec inf. il vient à l'esprit de, on se prend à. --- Plin. 12, pr. 2 ; 25, 23.    - avec prop. inf. il vient à l'esprit que: Ov. M. 2, 755.    - cogitatio animum subiit + prop. inf. Liv. 36: on vint à penser que...    - quid sim, quid fuerimque subit, Ov. Tr. 3: je songe à ce que je suis, à ce que je fus. [st1]7 [-] venir à la dérobée, se glisser furtivement, s'insinuer; entrer dans le coeur, venir à l'esprit,    - timeo ne subeant animo taedia tuo, Ov. P. 4: je crains que tu ne connaisses des ennuis.    - subire thalamos, Ov. M. 3, 282: se glisser dans une couche.    - me subiit miseratio, Plin. Ep. 3: la compassion entra dans mon coeur.    - subit furtim lumina fessa sopor, Ov. H. 19, 56: le sommeil envahit furtivement ses yeux fatigués.
    * * *
    sŭbĕo, īre, (ĭi, qqf. īvit), ĭtum - tr. et intr. -    - subivit, Ov. F. 1, 314; Stat. S. 2, 1, 155. [st1]1 [-] aller sous, entrer dans (un lieu couvert ou fermé), s'introduire, pénétrer dans.    - subire tectum, Caes.: entrer dans une maison.    - avec datif subire luco, Virg.: s'introduire dans un bois.    - subire portu, Virg.: entrer dans le port.    - subire muro, Virg.: venir sous les murailles.    - cum luna sub orbem solis subisset, Liv. 37, 4, 4: la lune étant venue sous le disque du soleil.    - ne subeunt herbae, Virg. G. 1, 180: pour que l'herbe ne vienne pas dessous.    - subire in nemoris latebras, Ov M. 4, 601: pénétrer dans les profondeurs du bois.    - subire jugum, Plin.: recevoir le joug.    - subire currum, Virg.: se laisser atteler.    - subire iniquum locum, Caes.: s'engager dans un terrain défavorable.    - subire limina, Virg. En. 8, 363: franchir un seuil.    - subire domos, Ov. M. 1, 121: entrer dans des maisons. --- cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 33.    - subire paludem Tritoniacam, Ov. M. 15, 358: se plonger dans le lac Triton. [st1]2 [-] se mettre sous, porter (un fardeau), soutenir; se charger (d'un mal), se soumettre à, supporter, endurer, souffrir, subir, se charger de, entreprendre de.    - avec datif subire feretro, Virg. En. 6, 222: porter la civière sur ses épaules.    - verba sub acumen stili subeunt, Cic. de Or. 1, 151: les mots se présentent sous la pointe du stylet.    - aura, subito, Ov.: souffles des vents, portez-moi.    - subire crudelitatis famam, Cic.: subir une réputation d'homme cruel.    - subire judicium multitudinis, Cic.: se soumettre au jugement de la foule.    - inimicitiae sunt: subeantur, Cic.: nous avons des ennemis: [qu'ils soient supportés]= supportons-les.    - subire minus sermonis, Cic.: être moins en butte aux propos.    - subire injuriam, Cic. Prov. 41: supporter l'injustice.    - dupli poenam subire, Cic. Ofr. 3, 65: subir la peine du double.    - incesti poenas subire, Obseq 97 (35): subir les peines prévues pour inceste.    - subitam avertere curam, Lucr. 2, 363: détourner le faix du souci.    - subire odium, Cic.: encourir la haine. [st1]3 [-] s'approcher de, s'avancer vers, s'avancer devant, marcher à, aborder, attaquer, affronter, s'exposer à.    - subire ad hostes, Liv.: marcher à l'ennemi.    - subit Rhaetum, Virg.: il attaque Rhétus.    - subire mucronem, Virg.: se jeter au-devant de l'épée.    - ex inferiore loco subeuntes non intermittere, Caes. BG. 2, 25, 1: ne pas s'arrêter dans leur marche ascendante.    - testudine facta subeunt, Caes. BG. 7, 85, 5: faisant la tortue ils avancent.    - quamquam adscensus dificilis erat... subierunt, Liv. 27, 18, 13: malgré la difficulté de l'ascension..., ils avancèrent.    - in adversos montes subire, Liv. 41, 18. 11: gravir la pente des montagnes.    - subire ad hostes, Liv. 2, 31, 5: marcher à l'ennemi [qui est sur les hauteurs].    - subire ad montes, Liv. 1, 28, 7: s'approcher des montagnes.    - subire ad urbem, Liv. 31, 45, 4: marcher contre la ville [après avoir débarqué].    - cf. Liv. 34, 16, 2 ; 34, 46, 7 ; 39, 27, 10.    - avec datif subire auxilio, Virg.: courir au secours.    - subire muro, Virg. En. 7, 161: s'approcher du mur, arriver au pied du mur. --- cf. Virg. En. 9, 371.    - subire portu [dat.] Chaonio Virg. En. 3, 292: arriver au port de Chaonie.    - subire periculum, Cic.: affronter le danger.    - paratiores ad omnia pericula subeunda, Caes. BG. 1: mieux préparés à affronter tous les périls.    - subeundae sunt saepe pro re publica tempestates, Cic. Sest. 139: il faut souvent pour l'intérêt public affronter des tempêtes. [st1]4 [-] venir en remplacement, venir à la place de, venir immédiatement après, succéder à.    - [absol] Virg. G. 3, 67 ; Ov. M. 3, 648 ; 1, 114.    - avec datif dexterae altae sinistra subiit, Liv. 27, 2, 7: l'aile gauche vint remplacer l'aile droite. --- cf. Liv. 25, 37, 6.    - subire in locum alicujus rei, Ov. M. 1, 130: se substituer à qqch.    - pone subit conjux, Virg. En. 2: derrière moi vient ma femme.    - subiit argentea proles, Ov. M. 1: puis vint l'âge d'argent.    - cui deinde subibit Tullus, Virg.: il aura pour successeur Tullus.    - subire alicui in custodiam, Liv. 25: remplacer qqn pour la garde. [st1]5 [-] venir de dessous, pousser, croître, produire; monter, s'élever.    - subeant herbae, Virg.: pour que vienne l'herbe.    - subit barba, Mart.: la barbe pousse.    - subeunt dentes, Plin.: les dents percent.    - subibat mare, Curt. 9: la mer montait. [st1]6 [-] survenir, se présenter, arriver, venir à l'esprit, se présenter à la mémoire, s'offrir à l'imagination.    - subeunt morbi, Virg. G. 3: les maladies arrivent insensiblement.    - subiit deserta Creusa, Virg. En. 2, 562: à ma pensée s'offrit Créuse abandonnée.    - subiit genitoris imago, Virg. En. 2: l'image de mon père se présenta à mon esprit.    - cf. Virg. En. 11, 542 ; Quint. 11, 2, 17 ; Tac. An. 1, 13.    - subit avec inf. il vient à l'esprit de, on se prend à. --- Plin. 12, pr. 2 ; 25, 23.    - avec prop. inf. il vient à l'esprit que: Ov. M. 2, 755.    - cogitatio animum subiit + prop. inf. Liv. 36: on vint à penser que...    - quid sim, quid fuerimque subit, Ov. Tr. 3: je songe à ce que je suis, à ce que je fus. [st1]7 [-] venir à la dérobée, se glisser furtivement, s'insinuer; entrer dans le coeur, venir à l'esprit,    - timeo ne subeant animo taedia tuo, Ov. P. 4: je crains que tu ne connaisses des ennuis.    - subire thalamos, Ov. M. 3, 282: se glisser dans une couche.    - me subiit miseratio, Plin. Ep. 3: la compassion entra dans mon coeur.    - subit furtim lumina fessa sopor, Ov. H. 19, 56: le sommeil envahit furtivement ses yeux fatigués.
    * * *
        Subeo, subis, subiui vel subii, subitum, penul. corr. subire. Entrer.
    \
        Qui intra annos quatuordecim tectum non subiissent. Caes. Qui n'avoyent entré en maison depuis, etc.
    \
        Subire portum. Plin. iunior. Entrer dedens le port.
    \
        Subire. Plin. Monter du bas en hault.
    \
        Subire vultum alicuius. Cic. Se presenter devant aucun.
    \
        Subire muro. Virgil. Monter en mont le mur.
    \
        Leones subiere currum. Virgil. Ont esté accouplez et attelez pour tirer au chariot.
    \
        Onus subire dorso. Horat. Porter sur son dos.
    \
        Humeris aliquem subire. Virgil. Porter quelqu'un sur ses espaules.
    \
        Subire aliquid. Plin. iunior. Prendre la charge de quelque chose, Entreprendre un affaire.
    \
        Pectus rude vix subit primos amores. Ouid. La personne qui n'a encore experimenté que c'est d'aimer, à grand peine peult soustenir et porter ses premieres amours.
    \
        Subire conditionem pacis. Caes. Recevoir la paix, S'accorder à faire paix, Se soubmettre à faire paix.
    \
        Subire deditionem. Caes. S'abbaisser ou se soubmettre et venir à composition et se rendre à son ennemi.
    \
        Iussa subire. Claudianus. Obeir, Se soubmettre à faire ce qui est commandé.
    \
        Labores subire. Cic. Prendre peine.
    \
        Nauigationem subire. Caes. Se mettre sur la mer.
    \
        Patronus has partes subit. Quintil. Entreprendre ceste charge.
    \
        Primae legioni tertia subiit. Liu. S'est mise en sa place.
    \
        Subire per vices. Plinius. Se mettre en la place l'un de l'autre par tour.
    \
        In quarum locum subierunt inquilinae, impietas, perfidia, impudicitia. Varro. Sont venues ou entrees en leur place.
    \
        In partes alicuius subire. Ouid. Faire l'office d'aucun, Faire ce qu'il debvoit faire.
    \
        Subire. Plin. iunior. Endurer, Souffrir.
    \
        Aleam subire. Columel. Se mettre à l'adventure et en danger.
    \
        Calamitatem subire. Cic. Tomber en un grand malheur et calamité ou adversité, Faire une grande perte.
    \
        Casum subire. Cic. Endurer quelque fortune, Porter.
    \
        Crimen subire cupiditatis regni. Liu. Encourir le blasme d'avoir voulu usurper le royaume.
    \
        Dolorem subire. Cic. Endurer, Porter, Soustenir.
    \
        Famam crudelitatis subire. Cic. Avoir bruit d'estre cruel.
    \
        Fortunam subire. Liu. Se mettre à l'adventure.
    \
        Incommoda subire. Cic. Recevoir dommage.
    \
        Infamiam sempiternam subire. Cic. Estre diffamé à jamais.
    \
        Iudicium imperitae multitudinis subire. Cic. Se mettre, ou tomber au jugement de, etc.
    \
        Leges subire. Stat. Recevoir loix, Se soubmettre et obeir.
    \
        Nomen exulis subire. Cicero. Estre banni, Venir à avoir le nom de banni.
    \
        Notam turpitudinis subire. Cic. Estre noté de quelque meschanceté.
    \
        Odium alicuius subire. Cic. Se mettre en la haine d'aucun.
    \
        Periculum subire. Cic. Se mettre en danger.
    \
        Poenam subire. Cic. Estre puni, Porter une punition.
    \
        Sermonem subire. Cic. Faire parler de soy.
    \
        Supplicia subire. Cic. Estre puni.
    \
        Tela subire. Cic. Recevoir coups de dards.
    \
        Tempestatem inuidiae subire. Cic. Se mettre en haine.
    \
        Tempestates subire. Caesar. Se mettre en dangers.
    \
        Quibus si paruissem, tristitiam illorum temporum non subiissem. Cic. Je n'eusse pas eu la tristesse que j'eu en ce temps là.
    \
        Turpitudinem subire, siue turpitudines. Cic. Endurer, Encourir une infamie.
    \
        Verbera subire. Plin. Endurer d'estre batu.
    \
        Vim subire, atque inuiriam malui, quam aut a vestris sanctissimis mentibus dissidere, aut de meo statu declinare. Cic. J'ay mieulx aimé me mettre en danger d'estre tué, que de, etc.
    \
        Vituperationem subire. Cic. Estre blasmé et repris.
    \
        Ne subeant herbae. Virgil. Surcroissent, Montent et croissent.
    \
        Subeunt morbi. Virgil. Maladies surviennent.
    \
        Senecta subiens. Sil. Survenant.
    \
        Sopor subit fessa lumina. Ouid. Le sommeil entre secretement dedens mes yeulx lassez de veiller.
    \
        Taedia subeunt animo. Ouid. Je me fasche et ennuye.
    \
        Subit religio animos. Plin. Il leur vient un scrupule.
    \
        Subit animum timor, ne, etc. Liu. On craint que, etc.
    \
        Interdum spes animum subibat, deflagrare iras vestras posse. Liu. J'esperoye que, etc.
    \
        Subeunt in hac reputatione Delphica oracula. Plinius. Nous viennent en memoire.
    \
        Cogitationi nostrae nunquam subiit. Curtius. Il ne nous souveint jamais d'y penser.
    \
        Me fragilitatis humanae miseratio subit. Plin. iunior. J'ay pitié et compassion de la fragilité humaine.
    \
        Subiit regem verecundia. Curt. Il ha eu honte.
    \
        Imago viri pugnantis me subit. Ouid. Il me semble que je voy mon mari combatant.
    \
        Subit antiquitatem mirari. Plin. Il me vient en memoire de, etc.
    \
        Subit recordatio. Plin. iunior. Il me souvient.
    \
        Subit cogitatio. Plin. Il me vient en pensee.
    \
        Subiit cogitatio animum. Liuius. Je me suis prins à penser, Je me suis appensé.
    \
        Subit animum. Liu. Il me souvient.
    \
        Et subit affectu nunc mihi quicquid abest. Ouid. Me vient en affection, Je desire tout ce, etc.
    \
        AEneae mucronem subiit Lausus. Virgil. Il se lancea et mist dessoubs l'espee d'Eneas desja haulcee pour frapper, et sousteint le coup de son bouclier.
    \
        Subire aliquem. Valer. Flac. Assaillir aucun.
    \
        Fallendus est iudex, et variis artibus subeundus. Quintil. Il le fault gaigner par petits moyens, sans qu'il s'en appercoive.
    \
        Auxilio subire alicui. Virgil. Venir à l'aide.
    \
        Loquentem subire. Claud. Respondre à celuy qui a parlé.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > subeo

  • 14 somnus

    somnus, ī, m. (aus *svepnos, altind. svapnas, griech. ὕπνος), der Schlaf, Schlummer, die Nachtruhe, I) eig. u. übtr.: A) eig.: 1) im allg.: meridianus, Plin. ep.: dulcis, Verg. u. Apul.: facilis (williger), Hor.: levis, Hor.: levissimus, Sen. rhet.: altus et gravis, Curt.: altior, Curt.: altissimus, Liv.: Endymionis, ewiger, Cic.: imago somni, ein Traumbild, Traum, Ov.: somni tempus, Schlafenszeit, Scrib.: somni expers, schlaflos, Amm.: somnum coepi mentiri, ich tat, als ob ich schlief, Petron.: somnum capere non posse, nicht schlafen (einschlafen) können, Cic.: somnum videre, schlafen, Cic.: somnum tenere, sich des Schlafes erwehren, Cic.: somnum afferre, conciliare, concitare, facere, gignere, parere (von Mitteln), Plin.: somnum alci affere (von einem Briefe), Cic.: somnum petere (suchen), Quint. u. Ov.: somnus alqm complectitur, Cic., arripit, Iustin.: somno consopiri sempiterno, Cic.: alto et gravi somno sopitum esse, Curt. (u. so somno sopitus, Solin.: somno oppressus, Caes., u. oppressus inexcitabili somno, Sen.): somno graviori premi, Plin.: homines somno altissimo premere, Liv.: dare se somno, sich schlafen legen, Cic.: somnus obrepit, Hor., alci obrepit, Hieron.: poficisci ad somnum, schlafen gehen, zu Bette gehen, Cic.: somnum rumpere, Verg. u. Lucan.: somnos ducere, Schlaf bringen od. einschläfern, Hor., od. schlafen, Verg.: somni esse permodici, Capit.: somnum fugare, Plin.: adimere alci somnum, Cic., alci somnos, Hor.: alqm somno privare (v. Kummer), Cic.: alqm ex somno excitare, Cic., excire, Liv. (u. excitus somno, Sall. u. Liv., excita somno, Catull.): tropaeis e somno suscitari, Cic.: interruptum somnum recuperare non posse, nicht wieder einschlafen können, Suet.: somno (im Schl., Traume) videre, Liv.: u. so per somnum videre, Iustin., in somnis videre, Cic. u.a. (u. so sonst oft in somnis, s. Neue-Wagener Formenl.2 1, 633. Müller Plaut. Pros. S. 464): sollicitus inter somnos quoque expavesco, Sen. rhet.: dispositi, quos supra somnum habebat, Leute, die er als Wächter über seine Nachtruhe aufgestellt hatte, Curt. – 2) insbes., der Schlaf als Fehler, die Schläfrigkeit, Schlafsucht, Cels.: bildl. = die Trägheit, Untätigkeit, somno nati, Cic.: dediti somno, Sall.: in somnum a vigiliis conversa civitas, Vell. – B) übtr.: 1) der Todesschlaf, Tod, longus, Hor.: niger, Sil. – 2) die Ruhe des Meeres, Stat. silv. 3, 2, 73; Theb. 3, 256. – II) meton.: 1) die Nacht, libra die (= diei) somnique pares ubi fecerit horas, Verg. georg. 1, 208: miscuerat lucem somno, Sil. 3, 200. – 2) der Traum, Sil. 3, 216 ›nisi somnus est‹, inquit, ›en Persae‹, Amm. 23, 5, 3.

    lateinisch-deutsches > somnus

  • 15 somnus

    somnus, ī, m. (aus *svepnos, altind. svapnas, griech. πνος), der Schlaf, Schlummer, die Nachtruhe, I) eig. u. übtr.: A) eig.: 1) im allg.: meridianus, Plin. ep.: dulcis, Verg. u. Apul.: facilis (williger), Hor.: levis, Hor.: levissimus, Sen. rhet.: altus et gravis, Curt.: altior, Curt.: altissimus, Liv.: Endymionis, ewiger, Cic.: imago somni, ein Traumbild, Traum, Ov.: somni tempus, Schlafenszeit, Scrib.: somni expers, schlaflos, Amm.: somnum coepi mentiri, ich tat, als ob ich schlief, Petron.: somnum capere non posse, nicht schlafen (einschlafen) können, Cic.: somnum videre, schlafen, Cic.: somnum tenere, sich des Schlafes erwehren, Cic.: somnum afferre, conciliare, concitare, facere, gignere, parere (von Mitteln), Plin.: somnum alci affere (von einem Briefe), Cic.: somnum petere (suchen), Quint. u. Ov.: somnus alqm complectitur, Cic., arripit, Iustin.: somno consopiri sempiterno, Cic.: alto et gravi somno sopitum esse, Curt. (u. so somno sopitus, Solin.: somno oppressus, Caes., u. oppressus inexcitabili somno, Sen.): somno graviori premi, Plin.: homines somno altissimo premere, Liv.: dare se somno, sich schlafen legen, Cic.: somnus obrepit, Hor., alci obrepit, Hieron.: poficisci ad somnum, schlafen gehen, zu Bette gehen, Cic.: somnum rumpere, Verg. u. Lucan.: somnos ducere, Schlaf bringen od. einschläfern, Hor., od. schlafen, Verg.:
    ————
    somni esse permodici, Capit.: somnum fugare, Plin.: adimere alci somnum, Cic., alci somnos, Hor.: alqm somno privare (v. Kummer), Cic.: alqm ex somno excitare, Cic., excire, Liv. (u. excitus somno, Sall. u. Liv., excita somno, Catull.): tropaeis e somno suscitari, Cic.: interruptum somnum recuperare non posse, nicht wieder einschlafen können, Suet.: somno (im Schl., Traume) videre, Liv.: u. so per somnum videre, Iustin., in somnis videre, Cic. u.a. (u. so sonst oft in somnis, s. Neue-Wagener Formenl.2 1, 633. Müller Plaut. Pros. S. 464): sollicitus inter somnos quoque expavesco, Sen. rhet.: dispositi, quos supra somnum habebat, Leute, die er als Wächter über seine Nachtruhe aufgestellt hatte, Curt. – 2) insbes., der Schlaf als Fehler, die Schläfrigkeit, Schlafsucht, Cels.: bildl. = die Trägheit, Untätigkeit, somno nati, Cic.: dediti somno, Sall.: in somnum a vigiliis conversa civitas, Vell. – B) übtr.: 1) der Todesschlaf, Tod, longus, Hor.: niger, Sil. – 2) die Ruhe des Meeres, Stat. silv. 3, 2, 73; Theb. 3, 256. – II) meton.: 1) die Nacht, libra die (= diei) somnique pares ubi fecerit horas, Verg. georg. 1, 208: miscuerat lucem somno, Sil. 3, 200. – 2) der Traum, Sil. 3, 216 ›nisi somnus est‹, inquit, ›en Persae‹, Amm. 23, 5, 3.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > somnus

  • 16 fundo

    1.
    fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a. [root FUD; Gr. CHU, cheW-, in cheô, cheusô;

    Lat. futis, futtilis, ec-futio, re-futo, etc.,

    Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 204 sq. ], to pour, pour out, shed.
    I.
    Lit., of fluids.
    1.
    In gen.:

    (natura terram) sucum venis cogebat fundere apertis Consimilem lactis, etc.,

    Lucr. 5, 812:

    sanguinem e patera,

    Cic. Div. 1, 23, 46:

    novum liquorem (i. e. vinum) de patera,

    Hor. C. 1, 31, 3:

    vina paterā in aras,

    Ov. M. 9, 160; cf.:

    vinum inter cornua,

    id. ib. 7, 594:

    vinum super aequora,

    id. ib. 11, 247:

    duo rite mero libans carchesia Baccho Fundit humi,

    Verg. A. 5, 78:

    laticem urnis,

    Ov. M. 3, 172:

    lacrimas,

    Verg. A. 3, 348: cf. Ov. M. [p. 793] 5, 540:

    fundit Anigros aquas,

    pours out, id. ib. 15, 282:

    parumne fusum est Latini sanguinis?

    shed, spilt, Hor. Epod. 7, 4:

    sanguine ob rem publicam fuso,

    Sall. H. Fr. 2, 96, 2 Dietsch:

    sanguinem de regno (i. e. propter regnum),

    Curt. 10, 5.—Mid.:

    memorandum, in septem lacus eum (Strymonem) fundi,

    discharges itself, Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 38:

    ingentibus procellis fusus imber,

    pouring, Liv. 6, 8, 7; 6, 32, 6; cf.:

    sanguis in corporibus fusus,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 310.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    Of metals, to make by melting, to melt, cast, found:

    exolevit fundendi aeris pretiosi ratio,

    Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 5; cf. id. 34, 7, 18, § 46:

    caldarium (aes) funditur tantum, malleis fragile,

    id. 34, 8, 20, § 94:

    aere fuso,

    id. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

    vitrum,

    id. 34, 14, 42, § 148:

    glandes, Auct. B. Afr. 20, 3: Theodorus ipse se ex aere fudit,

    Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 83:

    ne statuam quidem inchoari, cum ejus membra fundentur,

    Quint. 2, 1, 12:

    fusis omnibus membris (statuae),

    id. 7 praef. §

    2: olim quaerere amabam, Quid sculptum infabre, quid fusum durius esset,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 22.—
    * b.
    In medic. lang.: aliquem, to cause one to have fluid stools, to relax the bowels (opp. comprimere): si compresserit aliquem morbus aut fuderit, Cels. praef. med.; cf. under P. a.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To wet, moisten, bathe with a liquid ( poet. and very rare):

    (ossa) niveo fundere lacte,

    Tib. 3, 2, 20:

    multo tempora funde mero,

    id. 1, 7, 50.—
    2.
    Of things non-fluid.
    a.
    In gen., to pour forth in abundance, to scatter, cast, hurl; to spread, extend, diffuse:

    desectam cum stramento segetem corbibus fudere in Tiberim,

    Liv. 2, 5, 3:

    picem reliquasque res, quibus ignis excitari potest, fundebant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 4:

    tela,

    Val. Fl. 3, 243:

    sagittam,

    Sil. 7, 647:

    (solis) radios per opaca domorum,

    Lucr. 2, 115:

    quas (maculas) incuria fudit,

    has scattered, Hor. A. P. 352:

    fundunt se carcere laeti Thraces equi,

    pour themselves forth, rush out, Val. Fl. 1, 611:

    se cuncta manus ratibus,

    id. 2, 662:

    littera fundens se in charta,

    Plin. 13, 12, 25, § 81:

    luna se fundebat per fenestras,

    Verg. A. 3, 152.—Mid.:

    ne (vitis) in omnes partes nimia fundatur,

    spread out, Cic. de Sen. 15, 52:

    homines fusi per agros ac dispersi,

    Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    With the accessory notion of production, to bring forth, bear or produce (in abundance):

    crescunt arbusta et fetus in tempore fundunt,

    Lucr. 1, 351; cf.:

    terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere, quae cum maxima largitate fundit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

    flores aut fruges aut bacas,

    id. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

    frugem,

    id. de Sen. 15, 51:

    plus materiae (vites),

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 192:

    cum centesimo Leontini campi fundunt,

    id. 18, 10, 21, § 95:

    facile illa (piscium ova) aqua et sustinentur et fetum fundunt,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:

    (terra) animal prope certo tempore fudit Omne,

    Lucr. 5, 823; cf. ib. 917:

    fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti,

    Verg. G. 1, 13:

    Africa asinorum silvestrium multitudinem fundit,

    Plin. 8, 30, 46, § 108: quae te beluam ex utero, non hominem fudit, Cic. Pis. init.; Verg. A. 8, 139, v. Forbig. ad h. l.—
    (β).
    With the secondary notion of depth or downward direction, to throw or cast to the ground, to prostrate:

    (victi hostes) et de jugis, quae ceperant, funduntur,

    Liv. 9, 43, 20:

    nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor Corpora (cervorum) fundat humi,

    Verg. A. 1, 193; cf. Ov. M. 13, 85; Sil. 4, 533:

    aliquem arcu,

    Val. Fl. 1, 446.—In middle force:

    fundi in alga,

    to lie down, Val. Fl. 1, 252.—Esp. freq. milit. t. t., overthrow, overcome, rout, vanquish an enemy:

    hostes nefarios prostravit, fudit, occidit,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27; cf.:

    exercitus caesus fususque,

    id. ib. 14, 1, 1:

    aliquos caedere, fundere atque fugare,

    Sall. J. 58, 3:

    Gaetulos,

    id. ib. 88, 3:

    classes fusae fugataeque,

    id. ib. 79, 4; cf.:

    si vi fudisset cecidissetque hostes,

    Liv. 35, 1, 8:

    hostes de jugis,

    id. 9, 43, 20:

    Gallos de delubris vestris,

    id. 6, 16, 2:

    eas omnes copias a se uno proelio fusas ac superatas esse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 8; cf.:

    Massilienses crebris eruptionibus fusi,

    id. B. C. 2, 22, 1:

    Latini ad Veserim fusi et fugati,

    Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 2, 6 fin.:

    quatuor exercitus Carthaginiensium fudi, fugavi, Hispania expuli,

    id. 28, 28, 9; cf. Drak. on 38, 53, 2;

    less freq. in a reversed order: alios arma sumentes fugant funduntque,

    Sall. J. 21, 2; Vell. 2, 46 fin.: omnibus hostium copiis fusis armisque exutis, Caes. B. G. 3, 6, 3:

    magnas copias hostium fudit,

    Cic. Mur. 9, 20:

    Sabinos equitatu fudit,

    id. Rep. 2, 20:

    Armeniorum copias,

    id. Arch. 9, 21:

    maximas copias parva manu,

    Sall. C. 7, 7.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Ingen., to pour out or forth, to spread out, extend, display:

    imago de corpore fusa,

    Lucr. 4, 53:

    animam moribundo corpore fudit,

    id. 3, 1033; cf. id. 3, 700:

    concidit ac multo vitam cum sanguine fudit,

    Verg. A. 2, 532:

    circuli (appellantur), quod mixta farina et caseo et aqua circuitum aequabiliter fundebant,

    poured out, spread out, Varr. L. L. 5, § 106:

    quem secutus Cicero hanc famam latius fudit,

    Quint. 11, 2, 14; cf. id. 10, 5, 11:

    cum vero causa ea inciderit, in qua vis eloquentiae possit expromi: tum se latius fundet orator,

    will display himself, Cic. Or. 36, 125:

    superstitio, fusa per gentes,

    id. Div. 2, 72 init.; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 84:

    neque se tanta in eo (Cicerone) fudisset ubertas,

    id. 12, 2, 23:

    fundet opes, Latiumque beabit divite lingua,

    riches of expression, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121. —Mid.:

    quamquam negant, nec virtutes nec vitia crescere: tamen utrumque eorum fundi quodammodo et quasi dilatari putant,

    to be diffused, Cic. Fin. 3, 15, 48; cf.:

    modo virtus latius funditur,

    Sen. Ep. 74, 27; and:

    semper ex eo, quod maximas partes continet latissimeque funditur, tota res appellatur,

    id. 5, 30, 92:

    saepe in amplificanda re funditur numerose et volubiliter oratio,

    id. Or. 62, 210.—
    B.
    In partic., of speech, to pour forth, utter:

    per quam (arteriam) vox principium a mente ducens percipitur et funditur,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149; cf.:

    e quibus elici vocem et fundi videmus,

    id. Tusc. 2, 24, 56:

    inanes sonos,

    id. ib. 5, 26, 73 (for which:

    inani voce sonare,

    id. Fin. 2, 15, 48):

    sonum,

    id. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    verba poëtarum more (opp. ratione et arte distinguere),

    id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

    versus hexametros aliosque variis modis atque numeris ex tempore,

    id. de Or. 3, 50, 194; cf.:

    grave plenumque carmen,

    id. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    tam bonos septenarios ad tibiam,

    id. ib. 1, 44, 107:

    physicorum oracula,

    id. N. D. 1, 26, 66:

    has ore loquelas,

    Verg. A. 5, 842:

    preces pectore ab imo,

    id. ib. 6, 55; so,

    preces,

    id. ib. 5, 234; Hor. Epod. 17, 53:

    mera mendacia,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 33:

    jam tu verba fundis hic, sapientia?

    you waste, Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 7:

    opprobria rustica,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 146:

    iras inanes,

    Val. Fl. 3, 697:

    vehemens et liquidus puroque simillimus amni Fundet opes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 258, 4; Tac. A. 14, 30; Aug. in Psa. 25, 10 al.—Hence, fūsus, a, um, P. a., spread out, extended, broad, large, copious, diffuse.
    A.
    Lit.:

    (aër) tum fusus et extenuatus sublime fertur, tum autem concretus in nubes cogitur,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: fusior alvus, i. e. more relaxed (opp. astrictior), Cels. 1, 3 med.:

    toga (opp. restricta),

    wide, full, Suet. Aug. 73:

    Gallorum fusa et candida corpora,

    full, plump, Liv. 38, 21, 9:

    campi in omnem partem,

    extended, Verg. A. 6, 440; cf.:

    non fusior ulli Terra fuit domino,

    a broader, larger kingdom, Luc. 4, 670.—
    B.
    Trop., copious, diffuse; flowing, free:

    genus sermonis non liquidum, non fusum ac profluens,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 159; cf.:

    constricta an latius fusa narratio,

    Quint. 2, 13, 5:

    materia abundantior atque ultra quam oporteat fusa,

    id. 2, 4, 7:

    ut illud, quod ad omnem honestatem pertinet, decorum, quam late fusum sit, appareat,

    Cic. Off. 1, 28, 98; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 5:

    (vox) in egressionibus fusa et securae claritatis (opp. contracta),

    unrestrained, free, id. 11, 3, 64:

    periodus,

    id. 9, 4, 128:

    fusiores liberioresque numeri,

    id. 130:

    lingua Graeca prolixior fusiorque quam nostra,

    Gell. 2, 26, 7:

    in locis ac descriptionibus fusi ac fluentes,

    Quint. 9, 4, 138:

    plenior Aeschines et magis fusus,

    id. 10, 1, 77:

    dulcis et candidus et fusus Herodotus (opp. densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides),

    id. 10, 1, 73.— Sup. seems not to occur.— Adv.: fūse.
    * 1.
    (Acc. to A.) Spread out, extended:

    (manus) fusius paulo in diversum resolvitur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 97.—
    2.
    (Acc. to B.) Copiously, at length, diffusely:

    quae fuse olim disputabantur ac libere, ea nunc articulatim distincteque dicuntur,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 36:

    multa dicere fuse lateque,

    id. Tusc. 4, 26, 57:

    fuse lateque dicendi facultas,

    id. Or. 32, 113:

    fuse et copiose augere et ornate aliquid (opp. brevia et acuta),

    id. Fin. 3, 7, 26.— Comp.:

    haec cum uberius disputantur et fusius (opp. brevius angustiusque concluduntur),

    Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20:

    fusius et ornatius rem exponere,

    Quint. 4, 2, 128.— Sup. seems not to occur.
    2.
    fundo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [fundus], to lay the bottom, keel, foundation of a thing, to found (syn.: condo, exstruo, etc.).
    I.
    Lit. (perh. only poet.):

    haec carina satis probe fundata et bene statuta est,

    i. e. is laid, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 44 (v. Ritschl ad h. l.);

    dum mea puppis erat validā fundata carinā,

    Ov. P. 4, 3, 5; id. H. 16, 111:

    Erycino in vertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae,

    is founded, Verg. A. 5, 759: sedes saxo vetusto. id. ib. 8, 478:

    arces,

    id. ib. 4, 260.—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., to fasten, secure, make firm:

    dente tenaci Ancora fundabat naves,

    Verg. A. 6, 4:

    (genus humanum) Et majoribus et solidis magis ossibus intus Fundatum,

    Lucr. 5, 928; 4, 828.—
    II.
    Trop., to found, establish, fix, confirm (class., esp. in part. perf.; cf.:

    firmo, stabilio): illud vero maxime nostrum fundavit imperium et populi Romani nomen auxit, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Balb. 13, 31; cf.:

    quantis laboribus fundatum imperium,

    id. Cat. 4, 9, 19:

    qui (rei publicae status) bonorum omnium conjunctione et auctoritate consulatus mei fixus et fundatus videbatur,

    id. Att. 1, 16, 6:

    accurate non modo fundata verum etiam exstructa disciplina,

    id. Fin. 4, 1, 1; cf.:

    fundati a doctore,

    thoroughly instructed, Lact. 6, 21, 4:

    res publica praeclare fundata,

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 10; cf.:

    qui legibus urbem Fundavit,

    Verg. A. 6, 810:

    in eorum agro sedes fundare Bastarnis,

    Liv. 40, 57, 5:

    libertatem, salutem, securitatem,

    Plin. Pan. 8, 1:

    jus civile,

    Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 39:

    vacuos Penates prole,

    Stat. S. 4, 7, 30; cf.:

    thalamos Tritonide nympha,

    i. e. to marry, Sil. 2, 65:

    partis et fundatis amicitiis,

    Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 25:

    fundatae atque optime constitutae opes,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 1; cf.:

    nitidis fundata pecunia villis,

    well laid out, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 46:

    nihil veritate fundatum,

    Cic. Fl. 11, 26; cf. Lucr. 5, 161.— Hence, fundātus, a, um, P. a., firm, fixed, grounded, durable (very rare).
    A.
    Lit.:

    quo fundatior erit ex arenato directura, etc.,

    Vitr. 7, 3 med.:

    si permanetis in fide fundati,

    Vulg. Col. 1, 23.—
    B.
    Trop.: deflevi subitas fundatissimae familiae ruinas, Auct. Or. pro Domo, 36, 96.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fundo

  • 17 subeo

    sub-eo, iī, itum, īre, I) unter oder unten in etw. gehen, -kommen, -treten, sich ducken, kriechen, sich schmiegen, tauchen, 1) eig.: a) übh.: α) mit Praepp.: subit oras hasta per imas clipei, Verg. – β) m. Dat.: dumis, Sil.: luco, Verg. – als Träger, ingenti feretro, Verg.: subtemen, quod subit stamini, Verg. – γ) m. Acc.: virgulta, aquam, Curt.: paludem, aquas, Ov.: laterbras, Ov.: cavum, Hor.: operta telluris, Verg. – inter annos XIV tectum non subisse, Caes.: u. so tecta, Quint.: u. Ov.: mucronem, dem Schwerte unterlaufen, Verg. (vgl. im Bilde, omnia tela intenta in patriam, Cic.). – als Träger, iugum, sich (als Gespann) unter das J. schmiegen, Plin. (vgl. im Bilde, iagum imperii rigidā cervice, Curt.): ebenso currum, Verg.: onus dorso gravius, Hor. (vgl. im Bilde, onus subire et perferre, Ggstz. horrere, Hor.): verbera saeva, Ov.: und (im Bilde) vel contumeliarum verbera, Cic. – δ) absol.: umeris subibo, will mich unterbücken, Verg.: ille astu subit, bückt sich mit List, Verg. – als Träger, aura, subito, hebe mich auf, trage mich, Ov. – b) im obszönen Sinne: α) m. Dat.: liquido deo, Prop. – β) m. Acc.: iuvenes, Iuven. – 2) übtr., sich einer Sache (wie einer Last) unterziehen, etw. (wie eine Last) auf sich nehmen, über sich ergehen lassen, sich gefallen lassen, quamvis carnificinam, Cic.: quemque casum, Cic.: subitum casum, Caes.: condiciones, Tac.: parem cum ceteris condicionem fortunae, Cic.: summae crudelitatis famam, Cic.: poterisne eius orationis subire invidiam? Cic.: pro amico periculum aut invidiam, Cic.: vim atque iniuriam, Cic.: inimicitias, Cic.: iudicium, sich dem G. stellen, Liv.: iudicium multitudinis imperitae, Cic.: labores, Cic.: postremo ipsam mortem, Lact.: mortem aequo od. iniquo animo, Lact.: molem curae sponte, Plin. pan.: odium alcis, Cic.: offensionem, Cic.: non modo offensas, verum etiam simultates pro alqo aequo animo, Plin. ep. (u. so quantas contentiones, quantas etiam offensas subierimus, Plin. ep.): aut periculosas inimicitias aut infamiam sempiternam, Cic.: infamiae maculam, Iustin.: civitatis onus, Liv.: dupli poenam, Cic.: legis poenam, Nep.: minus sermonis subissem, Cic.: sub. maximas rei publicae tempestates, Cic.: subeunda dimicatio (sc. capitis) totiens, quot coniurati superessent, Liv.: auspicum verba, Tac.: subeundus usus omnium, es müssen praktische Erfahrungen in allem gemacht werden, Cic. de or. 1, 157 Piderit (wo Friedrich subeundus visus hominum, man muß den Menschen unter die Augen treten): procellarum incerta subeuntur, Augustin. serm. 351, 12 extr.

    II) nahend herangehen, A) an einen Punkt herangehen, herankommen, heranrücken, nach oben = aufrücken, aufsteigen, emporsteigen, 1) eig.: a) übh.: α) m. Praepp.: sub falas, Plaut.: sub orbem solis, vor die Sonne treten (v. Monde), Liv. – in latebras, Ov.: in adversum, Liv.: in adversos montes, Liv. – ad montes, ad vallum, ad urbem, Liv. – aqua subit in caelum, Plin. – β) m. Dat.: muro, Verg.: portu Chaonio, Verg. – γ) mit Acc.: collem, Hirt. b.G.: muros, Liv.: Anxur impositum saxis, Hor.: medium orbem, sich nahen (v. der Nacht), Verg.: terram, hinter die Erde treten (v. Monde), Curt.: aqua subit altitudinem exortus sui, steigt hinan, Plin. – poet., eine Person angehen, precibus tonantem, Stat.: u. so subit illa minantem, Stat. – feindlich = angreifen, Herbesum, Verg. – δ) absol.: pone subit coniunx, hinter mir wandelt, Verg.: subit ipse meumque explet opus, Ov.: quae (aqua) subire potuerit, aufsteigen, Plin. – v. Gewächsen usw. = aufgehen, aufsprossen, ne subeant herbae, Verg.: altera barba subit, Mart. – b) nach und nach-, langsam-, unvermerkt herangehen, sich heranschleichen, sich einschleichen, α) m. Acc.: thalamos pudicos, Ov.: furtim lumina fessa (vom Schlafe), Ov. – β) absol.: acrius illa (puella) subit, Prop.: an subit (amor), Ov. – im guten Sinne, venae subeunt, zeigen sich weniger aufgeregt, Cels. – c) v. Gewässern = an od. unter einen Ort dicht herantreten, einen Ort bespülen, ubi maxime montes Crotonenses Trasumennus subit, Liv.: ea (litora) subit ac circumluit pelagus, Mela: subit tum ripam mare, Mela: hinc simul mare, quod Ciliciam subit, Curt.: radices eius (petrae) Indus amnis subit, Curt. – d) v. Örtl., sich erheben, quā vero ipsa (regio) subit ad Medos, Plin. 6, 115. – 2) übtr.: a) übh., unter etwas od. jmd. kommen, α) m. sub u. Akk.: omnes sententiae vorbaque omnia, quae sunt cuiusque generis maxime illustria, sub acumen stili subeant et succedant necesse est, Cic. de or. 1, 151. – β) mit Acc.: clarum subit Alba Latinum, kommt unter L. (= unter die Herrschaft des L.), Ov. – b) zu einer Tätigkeit herangehen, sich einer Sache unterziehen, etw. übernehmen, α) m. Acc.: invicem proelium, Liv. – β) (poet.) m. Infin.: tela pellere, Stat.: torquere carinam, Claud. – γ) absol.: velut imperio aut ratione per vices subeunt (elephanti), treten ein, lösen sich (im Angriff) ab, Plin. 8, 23. – c) v. Zuständen = jmd. überkommen, ankommen, überfallen, befallen, erfassen, ergreifen, beschleichen, α) m. Dat.: subeunt mihi fastidia cunctarum, Ov.: ne subeant animo taedia iusta tuo, Ov. – β) m. Acc.: sera paenitentia subiit regem, Curt.: subit me fragilitatis humanae miseratio, Plin. ep.: horror animum subit, quotiens recordor feralem introitum, Tac. – γ) m. folg. Infin., subit ira cadentem ulcisci patriam, Verg. Aen. 2, 575. – δ) absol., sich einstellen, eintreten, subeunt morbi tristisque senectus et labor, Verg. georg. 3, 67. – d) v. Gedanken usw. = jmd. überkommen, beschlei chen = einfallen, in den Sinn-, in die Gedanken kommen, α) m. Dat.: subeant animo Latmia saxa tuo, Ov.: subituram vobis aliquando germanitatis memoriam, Liv.: m. folg. Infin., quae quotiens spectas subeat tibi dicere forsan ›quam procul a nobis Naso sodalis abest‹! Ov. – β) m. Acc.: subit animum regis memoria oraculo editae sortis, Curt.: subibat animos Parmenionis quoque fortuna, Curt.: mentem patriae subiit pietatis imago, Verg.: mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., quo in tractatu subit mentem non fuisse tum auctoritatem maculoso marmori, Plin.: cogitatio animum subiit indignum esse etc., Liv.: subibat inter haec animum LXXX fratres suos eodem die ab Ocho trucidatos, Curt.: quosdam misera subit cogitatio laborasse ipsos in titulum sepulcri, Sen. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., subit me (beschleicht mich) cura, ut quae tibi dicantur te digna sint, Plin. hist. nat. praef. § 11. – m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, subit deinde cogitatio animum, qui belli casus, quam incertus fortunae eventus communisque Mars belli sit, Liv.: mentem subit, quo praemia facto pararis, Ov. – γ) absol.: personae subeunt, Quint.: subiit cari genitoris imago, Ov. – m. folg. Infin. od. Acc. u. Infin., subiret cogitatio iam illa momento horae arsura, Liv.: subiit recordatio (es drängt sich mir die E. auf) egisse me iuvenem aeque in quadruplici, Plin. ep.: subit hanc arcana profanā detexisse manu, Ov.: subit antiquitatem mirari, Plin. – m. folg. Fragesatz, quid sim fuerimque subit, Ov.

    B) unmittelbar nach jmd. od. etw. herangehen, an jmds. od. einer Sache Stelle treten, für jmd. od. etw. eintreten, jmd. ablösen, auf jmd. od. etw. folgen, 1) eig.: α) m. Dat.: primae legioni tertia, dexterae alae sinistra subiit, Liv. – β) m. Acc.: furcas subiere columnae, Ov. – 2) übtr.: α) m. in u. Akk.: fugere pudor verumque fidesque; in eorum subiere locum fraudes etc., Ov. – β) absol.: pulchra subit facies, Ov.: subiit argentea proles, Ov. – / Perf. subivit, Ov. fast. 1, 314. Stat. silv. 2, 1, 155. Apul. met. 4, 15: subivimus, Claud. imp. bei Tac. ann. 11, 24 Ritter (Halm u. Nipp. subiimus). Vgl. Georges Lexikon der lat. Wortformen S. 660.

    lateinisch-deutsches > subeo

  • 18 somnus

    somnus, i, m. [st2]1 [-] sommeil, somme. [st2]2 [-] songe. [st2]3 [-] engourdissement moral, torpeur, apathie, indolence, nonchalance. [st2]4 [-] léthargie. [st2]5 [-] calme, repos (des éléments). [st2]6 [-] temps consacré au sommeil, nuit.    - *sop-nos --- cf. sopor --- gr. ὕπνος.    - in somnum ire, Plin.: aller se coucher.    - somnum petere, Quint.: aller se coucher.    - somno se dare, Cic.: s'endormir.    - somnum concitare (afferre, gignere, conciliare): faire dormir, endormir.    - ex somno excitare aliquem, Cic. Sull. 8, 24: réveiller qqn.    - nate dea, potes ducere somnos, Virg. En. 4: fils de déesse, peux-tu continuer à dormir?    - Lethaeos pocula ducentia somnos, Hor. Epod. 14, 3: les coupes d'eau du Léthé, qui provoquent la léthargie.    - somno excuti, Virg.: se réveiller en sursaut.    - somnus urget, Cels.: il y a somnolence.    - per somnum, Cic.: pendant le sommeil, en dormant.    - me patris Anchisae admonet in somnis et turbida terret imago, Virg. En. 4: dans mon sommeil, l'image troublée de mon père Anchise m'admoneste et m'effraie.    - longus (niger, frigidus) somnus: le long (le noir, le froid) sommeil [de la mort].    - Somnus, i, m. Ov. Hyg.: le Sommeil (divinité).    - anus, exterrita somno, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40: la vieille, effrayée par son rêve.    - in somnis aliquid videre, Cic.: voir qqch en songe.
    * * *
    somnus, i, m. [st2]1 [-] sommeil, somme. [st2]2 [-] songe. [st2]3 [-] engourdissement moral, torpeur, apathie, indolence, nonchalance. [st2]4 [-] léthargie. [st2]5 [-] calme, repos (des éléments). [st2]6 [-] temps consacré au sommeil, nuit.    - *sop-nos --- cf. sopor --- gr. ὕπνος.    - in somnum ire, Plin.: aller se coucher.    - somnum petere, Quint.: aller se coucher.    - somno se dare, Cic.: s'endormir.    - somnum concitare (afferre, gignere, conciliare): faire dormir, endormir.    - ex somno excitare aliquem, Cic. Sull. 8, 24: réveiller qqn.    - nate dea, potes ducere somnos, Virg. En. 4: fils de déesse, peux-tu continuer à dormir?    - Lethaeos pocula ducentia somnos, Hor. Epod. 14, 3: les coupes d'eau du Léthé, qui provoquent la léthargie.    - somno excuti, Virg.: se réveiller en sursaut.    - somnus urget, Cels.: il y a somnolence.    - per somnum, Cic.: pendant le sommeil, en dormant.    - me patris Anchisae admonet in somnis et turbida terret imago, Virg. En. 4: dans mon sommeil, l'image troublée de mon père Anchise m'admoneste et m'effraie.    - longus (niger, frigidus) somnus: le long (le noir, le froid) sommeil [de la mort].    - Somnus, i, m. Ov. Hyg.: le Sommeil (divinité).    - anus, exterrita somno, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40: la vieille, effrayée par son rêve.    - in somnis aliquid videre, Cic.: voir qqch en songe.
    * * *
        Somnus, somni, m. g. Virgil. Somme, Sommeil.
    \
        Somnum hercle ego hac nocte oculis non vidi meis. Terent. Je n'ay point dormi ceste nuict.
    \
        In somnis. Cic. Par nuict, En dormant, En songeant.
    \
        Lumina expertia somno. Lucret. Yeulx qui ne dorment point.
    \
        Grauis somno. Ouid. Pesant de sommeil, Tout endormi.
    \
        Vacuus somno. Ouid. Qui ne dort point.
    \
        Vini somnique benignus. Horat. Bien buvant et bien dormant, Grand buveur et grand dormeur.
    \
        Ferreus. Virgil. Un dur dormir, La mort.
    \
        Frigidus. Valer. Flac. La mort.
    \
        Inexcitabilis somnus. Seneca. Qu'on ne peult esveiller.
    \
        Liquidus. Valer. Flac. Tranquille.
    \
        Medicatus. Ouid. Faict et causé par quelque medicament.
    \
        Primo somno prodita tentoria. Virgil. Au premier somme.
    \
        Tumultuosus somnus per somnia. Cels. Tumultueux à cause des songes.
    \
        Otia somni accipere. Stat. Dormir.
    \
        Arcere somnos. Ouid. Empescher et engarder aucun de dormir.
    \
        Capere somnum. Cic. Dormir.
    \
        Conterere partem aeui somno. Lucret. User une partie de sa vie à dormir.
    \
        Corripere corpus e somno. Virgil. Se lever.
    \
        Defendit somnos excubitor. Senec. Le guet veille pour la defense et seureté du seigneur qui dort.
    \
        Dare se somno. Cic. S'endormir.
    \
        Ducere somnos. Virgil. Dormir.
    \
        Ducere somnos. Ouid. Induire le sommeil et faire dormir.
    \
        Excitare ex somno. Cic. Esveiller.
    \
        Excitus somno. Sil. Esveillé.
    \
        Excutior somno. Virgil. Je m'esveille.
    \
        Pingues somnos exigere. Lucan. Dormir longuement et à son aise, tellement qu'on en devienne gras.
    \
        Frui somno. Ouid. Dormir à son aise.
    \
        Habet somnus animalia. Virg. Le sommeil a saisi les animaulx, Les animaulx dorment.
    \
        Inducere somnus. Cels. Induire à dormir.
    \
        Indulgere somno. Claud. Dormir.
    \
        Ire in somnum. Plin. Aller dormir.
    \
        Moliri somnum. Cels. Tascher à faire dormir.
    \
        Parere somnum alicui mero. Tibull. Le faire dormir à force de boire vin, l'endormir.
    \
        Perfundere somnos sanguine. Stat. Tuer ceulx qui dorment.
    \
        Petere somnum. Quintil. S'en aller dormir.
    \
        Porrectus somno sub frondibus. Stat. Qui dort tout estendu dessoubz, etc.
    \
        Proflare somnum pectore. Virg. Ronfler en dormant.
    \
        Prohibet somnum dolor. Cels. Engarde de dormir.
    \
        Imbelli somno recubant littora. Stat. Les rivages de la mer se reposent, La mer est calme et tranquille.
    \
        Repetere somnum. Cic. Se rendormir.
    \
        Sepulti somno. Lucret. Qui dorment profondement.
    \
        Sternere se somno. Virg. Se coucher pour dormir.
    \
        Pigro torpebant aequora somno. Stat. La mer estoit en repos.
    \
        Per somnum. Cic. En dormant.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > somnus

  • 19 subeo

    sub-eo, iī, itum, īre, I) unter oder unten in etw. gehen, -kommen, -treten, sich ducken, kriechen, sich schmiegen, tauchen, 1) eig.: a) übh.: α) mit Praepp.: subit oras hasta per imas clipei, Verg. – β) m. Dat.: dumis, Sil.: luco, Verg. – als Träger, ingenti feretro, Verg.: subtemen, quod subit stamini, Verg. – γ) m. Acc.: virgulta, aquam, Curt.: paludem, aquas, Ov.: laterbras, Ov.: cavum, Hor.: operta telluris, Verg. – inter annos XIV tectum non subisse, Caes.: u. so tecta, Quint.: u. Ov.: mucronem, dem Schwerte unterlaufen, Verg. (vgl. im Bilde, omnia tela intenta in patriam, Cic.). – als Träger, iugum, sich (als Gespann) unter das J. schmiegen, Plin. (vgl. im Bilde, iagum imperii rigidā cervice, Curt.): ebenso currum, Verg.: onus dorso gravius, Hor. (vgl. im Bilde, onus subire et perferre, Ggstz. horrere, Hor.): verbera saeva, Ov.: und (im Bilde) vel contumeliarum verbera, Cic. – δ) absol.: umeris subibo, will mich unterbücken, Verg.: ille astu subit, bückt sich mit List, Verg. – als Träger, aura, subito, hebe mich auf, trage mich, Ov. – b) im obszönen Sinne: α) m. Dat.: liquido deo, Prop. – β) m. Acc.: iuvenes, Iuven. – 2) übtr., sich einer Sache (wie einer Last) unterziehen, etw. (wie eine Last) auf sich nehmen, über sich ergehen lassen, sich gefallen lassen, quamvis carnificinam, Cic.: quemque casum, Cic.: subitum casum,
    ————
    Caes.: condiciones, Tac.: parem cum ceteris condicionem fortunae, Cic.: summae crudelitatis famam, Cic.: poterisne eius orationis subire invidiam? Cic.: pro amico periculum aut invidiam, Cic.: vim atque iniuriam, Cic.: inimicitias, Cic.: iudicium, sich dem G. stellen, Liv.: iudicium multitudinis imperitae, Cic.: labores, Cic.: postremo ipsam mortem, Lact.: mortem aequo od. iniquo animo, Lact.: molem curae sponte, Plin. pan.: odium alcis, Cic.: offensionem, Cic.: non modo offensas, verum etiam simultates pro alqo aequo animo, Plin. ep. (u. so quantas contentiones, quantas etiam offensas subierimus, Plin. ep.): aut periculosas inimicitias aut infamiam sempiternam, Cic.: infamiae maculam, Iustin.: civitatis onus, Liv.: dupli poenam, Cic.: legis poenam, Nep.: minus sermonis subissem, Cic.: sub. maximas rei publicae tempestates, Cic.: subeunda dimicatio (sc. capitis) totiens, quot coniurati superessent, Liv.: auspicum verba, Tac.: subeundus usus omnium, es müssen praktische Erfahrungen in allem gemacht werden, Cic. de or. 1, 157 Piderit (wo Friedrich subeundus visus hominum, man muß den Menschen unter die Augen treten): procellarum incerta subeuntur, Augustin. serm. 351, 12 extr.
    II) nahend herangehen, A) an einen Punkt herangehen, herankommen, heranrücken, nach oben = aufrücken, aufsteigen, emporsteigen, 1) eig.: a)
    ————
    übh.: α) m. Praepp.: sub falas, Plaut.: sub orbem solis, vor die Sonne treten (v. Monde), Liv. – in latebras, Ov.: in adversum, Liv.: in adversos montes, Liv. – ad montes, ad vallum, ad urbem, Liv. – aqua subit in caelum, Plin. – β) m. Dat.: muro, Verg.: portu Chaonio, Verg. – γ) mit Acc.: collem, Hirt. b.G.: muros, Liv.: Anxur impositum saxis, Hor.: medium orbem, sich nahen (v. der Nacht), Verg.: terram, hinter die Erde treten (v. Monde), Curt.: aqua subit altitudinem exortus sui, steigt hinan, Plin. – poet., eine Person angehen, precibus tonantem, Stat.: u. so subit illa minantem, Stat. – feindlich = angreifen, Herbesum, Verg. – δ) absol.: pone subit coniunx, hinter mir wandelt, Verg.: subit ipse meumque explet opus, Ov.: quae (aqua) subire potuerit, aufsteigen, Plin. – v. Gewächsen usw. = aufgehen, aufsprossen, ne subeant herbae, Verg.: altera barba subit, Mart. – b) nach und nach-, langsam-, unvermerkt herangehen, sich heranschleichen, sich einschleichen, α) m. Acc.: thalamos pudicos, Ov.: furtim lumina fessa (vom Schlafe), Ov. – β) absol.: acrius illa (puella) subit, Prop.: an subit (amor), Ov. – im guten Sinne, venae subeunt, zeigen sich weniger aufgeregt, Cels. – c) v. Gewässern = an od. unter einen Ort dicht herantreten, einen Ort bespülen, ubi maxime montes Crotonenses Trasumennus subit, Liv.: ea (litora) subit ac circumluit pelagus, Mela: subit tum
    ————
    ripam mare, Mela: hinc simul mare, quod Ciliciam subit, Curt.: radices eius (petrae) Indus amnis subit, Curt. – d) v. Örtl., sich erheben, quā vero ipsa (regio) subit ad Medos, Plin. 6, 115. – 2) übtr.: a) übh., unter etwas od. jmd. kommen, α) m. sub u. Akk.: omnes sententiae vorbaque omnia, quae sunt cuiusque generis maxime illustria, sub acumen stili subeant et succedant necesse est, Cic. de or. 1, 151. – β) mit Acc.: clarum subit Alba Latinum, kommt unter L. (= unter die Herrschaft des L.), Ov. – b) zu einer Tätigkeit herangehen, sich einer Sache unterziehen, etw. übernehmen, α) m. Acc.: invicem proelium, Liv. – β) (poet.) m. Infin.: tela pellere, Stat.: torquere carinam, Claud. – γ) absol.: velut imperio aut ratione per vices subeunt (elephanti), treten ein, lösen sich (im Angriff) ab, Plin. 8, 23. – c) v. Zuständen = jmd. überkommen, ankommen, überfallen, befallen, erfassen, ergreifen, beschleichen, α) m. Dat.: subeunt mihi fastidia cunctarum, Ov.: ne subeant animo taedia iusta tuo, Ov. – β) m. Acc.: sera paenitentia subiit regem, Curt.: subit me fragilitatis humanae miseratio, Plin. ep.: horror animum subit, quotiens recordor feralem introitum, Tac. – γ) m. folg. Infin., subit ira cadentem ulcisci patriam, Verg. Aen. 2, 575. – δ) absol., sich einstellen, eintreten, subeunt morbi tristisque senectus et labor, Verg. georg. 3, 67. – d) v. Gedanken usw. = jmd. überkommen, beschlei-
    ————
    chen = einfallen, in den Sinn-, in die Gedanken kommen, α) m. Dat.: subeant animo Latmia saxa tuo, Ov.: subituram vobis aliquando germanitatis memoriam, Liv.: m. folg. Infin., quae quotiens spectas subeat tibi dicere forsan ›quam procul a nobis Naso sodalis abest‹! Ov. – β) m. Acc.: subit animum regis memoria oraculo editae sortis, Curt.: subibat animos Parmenionis quoque fortuna, Curt.: mentem patriae subiit pietatis imago, Verg.: mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., quo in tractatu subit mentem non fuisse tum auctoritatem maculoso marmori, Plin.: cogitatio animum subiit indignum esse etc., Liv.: subibat inter haec animum LXXX fratres suos eodem die ab Ocho trucidatos, Curt.: quosdam misera subit cogitatio laborasse ipsos in titulum sepulcri, Sen. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., subit me (beschleicht mich) cura, ut quae tibi dicantur te digna sint, Plin. hist. nat. praef. § 11. – m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, subit deinde cogitatio animum, qui belli casus, quam incertus fortunae eventus communisque Mars belli sit, Liv.: mentem subit, quo praemia facto pararis, Ov. – γ) absol.: personae subeunt, Quint.: subiit cari genitoris imago, Ov. – m. folg. Infin. od. Acc. u. Infin., subiret cogitatio iam illa momento horae arsura, Liv.: subiit recordatio (es drängt sich mir die E. auf) egisse me iuvenem aeque in quadruplici, Plin. ep.: subit hanc arcana profanā detexisse manu, Ov.: subit antiquitatem mirari, Plin. – m. folg.
    ————
    Fragesatz, quid sim fuerimque subit, Ov.
    B) unmittelbar nach jmd. od. etw. herangehen, an jmds. od. einer Sache Stelle treten, für jmd. od. etw. eintreten, jmd. ablösen, auf jmd. od. etw. folgen, 1) eig.: α) m. Dat.: primae legioni tertia, dexterae alae sinistra subiit, Liv. – β) m. Acc.: furcas subiere columnae, Ov. – 2) übtr.: α) m. in u. Akk.: fugere pudor verumque fidesque; in eorum subiere locum fraudes etc., Ov. – β) absol.: pulchra subit facies, Ov.: subiit argentea proles, Ov. – ⇒ Perf. subivit, Ov. fast. 1, 314. Stat. silv. 2, 1, 155. Apul. met. 4, 15: subivimus, Claud. imp. bei Tac. ann. 11, 24 Ritter (Halm u. Nipp. subiimus). Vgl. Georges Lexikon der lat. Wortformen S. 660.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > subeo

  • 20 signum

    signum, i, n. [perh. Sanscr. sag-, to cling to, adhere; cf. sigilla].
    I.
    In gen., a mark, token, sign, indication (very frequent in all styles and periods; cf.

    insigne): meo patri torulus inerit aureus Sub petaso: id signum Amphitruoni non erit,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 145 sq.:

    ut eam (nutricem) adducam et signa ostendam haec, i. e. crepundia,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 38; 5, 3, 5:

    ut fures earum rerum, quas ceperunt, signa commutant, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74; so (with notae) id. de Or. 2, 41, 174; id. Lael. 17, 62; cf.:

    omne probabile aut signum est aut credibile... Signum est, quod sub sensum aliquem cadit et quiddam significat, quod ex ipso profectum videtur, etc.,

    id. Inv. 1, 30, 47 sq.:

    aut pecori signum aut numeros inpressit acervis,

    Verg. G. 1, 263; cf.:

    servitii signum cervice gerens,

    Ov. M. 3, 16:

    jaculo mihi vulnera fecit.—Signa vides: apparet adhuc vetus ecce cicatrix,

    Ov. M. 12, 444:

    metam Constituit signum nautis pater, unde reverti Scirent, etc.,

    Verg. A. 5, 130:

    scutum signi gratia positum,

    Quint. 6, 3, 38:

    signa pedum,

    tracks, prints, Ov. M. 4, 543;

    and simply signa,

    Verg. A. 8, 212 al.:

    oculis mihi signum dedit, Ne se appellarem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    dare,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11:

    dicere deos gallis signum dedisse cantandi,

    Cic. Div. 2, 26, 57 al.:

    signa esse ad salutem,

    Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    animi pudentis signum,

    id. Heaut. 1, 1, 68:

    color pudoris signum,

    id. And. 5, 3, 7:

    signa doloris ostendere,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 190:

    mortis dare,

    Lucr. 6, 1182:

    timoris mittere,

    to exhibit, display, Caes. B. C. 1, 71 et saep.—With obj.-clause:

    magnum hoc quoque signum est, dominam esse extra noxiam,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 57; Nep. Att. 17, 2.—In predic. gen. with neutr. pron.: hoc est signi;

    ubi primum poterit, se illinc subducet,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 14:

    id erit signi me invitum facere, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 83; Auct. Her. 4, 5, 8; Cato, R. R. 38, 4; 88, 2:

    nil tamen est signi,

    Lucr. 5, 918; cf.:

    quid signi?

    Cic. Cael. 16, 38, 2.— Hence, a surname, epithet (rare):

    huic signum exercitus apposuit,

    Vop. Am. 6; cf. Capitol. Gord. 4.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    In milit. lang.
    1.
    The distinctive sign of a division of an army.
    a.
    A military standard, ensign, banner (including the aquila):

    signifero interfecto, signo amisso,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25:

    ut neque signiferi viam, nec signa milites cernerent,

    Liv. 33, 7:

    Hasdrubal ut procul signa legionum fulgentia vidit,

    id. 28, 14; 22, 21; Col. 9, 9, 4:

    inter signa militaria,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 15:

    cum unius signi militibus pergit ire,

    Liv. 33, 1:

    signa militaria ex proelio relata,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 99; so,

    militaria,

    id. B. G. 7, 2; Plin. 33, 33, 19, § 58.—

    Hence the expressions: signa sequi,

    to follow the standards, to march in military order, Sall. J. 80, 2; Liv. 24, 48, 11:

    signa subsequi,

    to keep in order of battle, Caes. B. G. 4, 26:

    signa observare,

    Sall. J. 51, 1:

    signa servare,

    Liv. 8, 34, 10; Veg. Mil. 1, 9:

    ab signis discedere,

    to desert the standards, leave the ranks, Caes. B. G. 5, 16; 5, 33 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 44; Liv. 25, 20 al.; cf.:

    ab ordinibus signisque discedere,

    Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3:

    signa relinquere,

    to desert, Sall. C. 9, 4; Liv. 5, 6 al.:

    signa deserere,

    Liv. 8, 34, 9: signa ferre, i. e. to break up the camp, Caes. B. G. 1, 39 fin.; 1, 40; Liv. 2, 49, 3; 10, 5 al.;

    for which: movere signa,

    id. 1, 14, 9; 27, 2, 12; Verg. G. 3, 236; and:

    tollere,

    Vell. 2, 61, 2; Auct. B. Alex. 57, 1;

    but: ferte signa in hostem,

    attack, Liv. 9, 23, 13:

    signa constituere,

    to halt, Caes. B. G. 7, 47; cf.:

    infestis contra hostes signis constiterunt,

    id. ib. 7, 51:

    signa proferre,

    to advance, Liv. 4, 32, 10: signa convertere, to wheel, turn, or face about, Caes. B. G. 1, 25 fin.; 2, 26: Liv. 8, 11; 2, 14; 4, 29; for which, [p. 1698] vertere signa, id. 9, 35:

    signa inferre (in aliquem),

    to advance to the attack, make an assault, Caes. B. G. 1, 25 fin.; 2, 26; 7, 67; id. B. C. 2, 42; Cic. Phil. 5, 8, 23; Sall. J. 56, 5; Liv. 2, 53; 9, 27; 44, 12 al; cf.:

    signa conferre cum aliquo,

    to engage with, engage in close fight, Cic. Att. 7, 5, 5; id. Pis. 21, 49;

    and cf.: collatis signis pugnare, superare aliquem, etc.,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 44; Liv. 1, 33; 2, 50; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 23, 66; but conferre signa also means simply to bring the standards together (to one place), Caes. B. G. 7, 2; 2, 25; Liv. 37, 21:

    signa in laevum cornu confert,

    concentrates his troops, id. 7, 15, 4:

    signa transferre,

    to desert, Caes. B. C. 1, 24: signa convellere, to take up the standards, which had been fixed in the ground, Liv. 3, 7, 3; 3, 54, 10; 5, 37, 4; so,

    vellere signa,

    id. 3, 50, 11; Verg. G. 4, 108:

    revellere signa,

    Luc. 7, 77; cf.:

    signa figere,

    to encamp, Amm. 27, 10, 9:

    defigere signa,

    Sil. 8, 625:

    sub signis ducere legiones, ire, esse, etc.,

    together, in order, in rank and file, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 71 (with ordine); Cic. Att. 16, 8, 2; Liv. 3, 51; Tac. H. 2, 14:

    signa hostium turbare,

    to throw into disorder, Liv. 9, 73:

    ante signa,

    before the army, id. 5, 18; 6, 7; 7, 16:

    post signa,

    id. 2, 49.—
    (β).
    Transf., in gen.:

    infestis prope signis inferuntur Galli in Fonteium,

    Cic. Font. 20, 44 (16, 34).—
    b.
    Esp., the standard or ensign of single cohorts and maniples (opp. aquila, the standard of the entire legion):

    cum fasces, cum tubas, cum signa militaria, cum aquilam illam argenteam... scirem esse praemissam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 13; Galb. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 5; Suet. Calig. 14 fin. Oud.; Tac. A. 1, 18; id. H. 2, 29 fin.; Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 23; Luc. 1, 6; 1, 224 al. (cf. aquila, 2.):

    manipulos exercitus minimas manus quae unum sequuntur signum,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 88 Müll.—
    (β).
    Meton., a cohort, a maniple:

    octo cohortes in fronte constituit, reliquarum signa in subsidio artius collocat,

    Sall. C. 59, 2; Liv. 8, 9; 25, 23 fin.; 33, 1; 27, 14; 28, 14; Auct. B. Hisp. 18, 3.—
    2.
    A sign, signal; a watchword, password, given by a wind-instrument, by the tessera, or otherwise:

    signum tubā dare,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 20; 7, 81:

    proelii committendi dare,

    id. ib. 2, 21:

    recipiendi dare,

    id. ib. 7, 52:

    receptui dare,

    Liv. 4, 31; 26, 45; 3, 22; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

    signum dare ut, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 20; 4, 39:

    proelii exposcere,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

    concinere,

    id. B. C. 3, 92 fin.; Liv. 30, 5; cf. Tac. A. 1, 68:

    canere,

    Sall. C. 59, 1; id. J. 99, 1; Liv. 1, 1; 4, 31; 27, 47; Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 3 al. (v. cano).—For the chariot race:

    signum mittendis quadrigis dare,

    Liv. 8, 40, 3: signum mittere, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107: signo Felicitatis dato, the word, watchword, Felicitas, Auct. B. Afr. 83:

    signum petere,

    Suet. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 42; id. Ner. 9; cf.:

    it bello tessera signum,

    Verg. A. 7, 637.— Transf.:

    tu illam (virtutem) jubes signum petere,

    i. e. to be in subjection, Sen. Ben. 4, 2, 2.—
    B.
    A sign or token of any thing to come; a prognostic, symptom (cf.:

    portentum, indicium): ipse et equus ejus repente concidit: nec eam rem habuit religioni, objecto signo, ut peritis videbatur, ne committeret proelium,

    Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

    medici signa quaedam habent ex venis et ex spiritu aegroti,

    id. ib. 2, 70, 145; cf. Verg. G. 3, 440; 3, 503; 4, 253; Cels. 2, 3:

    prospera signa dare,

    Ov. H. 18 (19), 152.—
    C.
    An image, as a work of art; a figure, statue, picture, etc. (syn.: effigies, imago, simulacrum);

    inerant (classi) signa expressa, Titani quomodo, etc.,

    Naev. 2, 13: statuas deorum, exempla earum facierum, s gna domi pro supellectile statuere, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 782 P.:

    signum pictum in pariete,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 44:

    signum in fano,

    id. Rud. 2, 7, 2:

    aëna signa,

    Lucr. 1, 318:

    ante signum Jovis Statoris concidit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

    signum aeneum, marmoreum, eburneum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1; cf. id. Off. 1, 41, 147; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 248:

    cratera impressum signis,

    Verg. A. 5, 536; 5, 267; 9, 263:

    (vestis) auro signisque ingentibus apta,

    Lucr. 5, 1428:

    ex ornatis aedibus per aulaea et signa,

    Sall. H. 2, 23, 2 Dietsch:

    pallam signis auroque rigentem,

    Verg. A. 1, 648:

    e Pario formatum marmore signum,

    Ov. M. 3, 419; cf. id. ib. 5, 183;

    12, 398: statuas, signa, picturas commendet,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 5.—
    D.
    An image or device on a seal-ring; a seal, signet: ostendi tabellas Lentulo, et quaesivi, cognosceretne signum. Annuit. Est vero, inquam, notum signum, imago avi tui, etc., Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10:

    (patera) in cistulā obsignata signo est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 265; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 117:

    tabulae maximae signis hominum nobilium consignantur,

    id. Quint. 6, 25:

    imprimat his signa tabellis,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 38:

    litterae integris signis praetoribus traduntur,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6; Sall. C. 47, 3:

    signo laeso non insanire lagenae,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 134:

    volumen sub signo habere,

    to have under seal, Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4; cf.:

    sub signo claustrisque rei publicae positum vectigal,

    id. Agr. 1, 7, 21:

    nec pacta conventaque inpressis signis custodirentur,

    Sen. Ben. 3, 15, 1:

    cum sol duodena peregit signa,

    Ov. M. 13, 618.—
    E.
    A sign in the heavens, a constellation (cf. sidus):

    caeli subter labentia signa,

    Lucr. 1, 2:

    loca caelio Omnia, dispositis signis ornata,

    id. 5, 695:

    signorum ortus et obitus,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

    signis omnibus ad idem principium stellisque revocatis,

    id. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

    in signo leonis,

    id. Div. 1, 53, 121:

    signorum obitus speculari et ortus,

    Verg. G. 1, 257; id. A. 7, 138:

    signum pluviale Capellae,

    Ov. F. 5, 113:

    ponemusque suos ad vaga signa dies,

    id. ib. 1, 310:

    nox caelo diffundere signa parabat,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 10; cf. id. C. 2, 8, 11.—
    F.
    Miraculous works (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Dan. 3, 99; id. Matt. 24, 24; id. Joan. 2, 11 et saep.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > signum

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